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The objective is to combine the two properties namely the structure activeness and the shape memory property in the same composite and to observe whether this addition helps in recovery and produces higher recovery forces.
Testing cycle: A three-point bending test (Fig. 1) supported by two rigid cylinders placed 300 mm apart has been performed to characterize the behavior of the composite structure.
Liu, et al., "Review of progress in shape-memory polymers," Journal of Material Chemistry, vol. 17, (2007) 1543–1558
Ni, "Bending behavior of shape memory polymer based laminates," Composite Structures, vol. 78, (2007) 153–161
Drobez, et al., "A new active composite," Smart Materials and Structures, vol. 18, (2009) 025020

O'Regan and M.Grätzel [1] first introduced the concept of nanoporous TiO2 films into DSSCs, considerable research efforts have been devoted to the development of these types of solar cells based on different inorganic oxide films, such as ZnO [2], SnO2 [3], Nb2O5 [4], or SrTiO3 [4], and different irregular structures, such as nanocrystalline [5], nanopores [1], nanorods [2, 6] or nanowires [7].
Various techniques for synthesizing TiO2 nanotubes and other 1D structures have been reported, such as sol-gel processes, alumina template method, seeded growth, and hydrothermal processes.
Aucouturier, Structure and physical chemistry of anodic oxide films on titanium and TA6V alloy, Surf.
Shen, Chemical assisted formation of secondary structures towards high efficiency solar cells based on ordered TiO2 nanotube arrays, J. of Mater.

The Influence of Reactive Diluents on the Properties of UV Dual Cured Polyurethane-Modified Epoxy Monoacrylates Films Hongbo Liu 1,a*, Wuying Zhang1, Feng Lin1,b,Ning Qing2, Ling Xu 1 1School of Applied Chemistry and Biological Technology, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen 518055, People’s Republic of China 2Guangdong Cleaner Production Engineering Technology Center of Light Chemical Industry , Wuyi University, Jiangmen Guangdong 529020, People’s Republic of China alhb206@163.com, blfeng00@yahoo.com.cn Keywords: synthesis, UV-curable, properties, photopolymerization Abstract.
The properties (e.g. gel content) are directly related to the polymer structure.
Besides the crosslinking content, the resins structure had also great effect on the mechanical properties of UV cured polymeric films.
This was because the bisphenol-A epoxy chain segment in EMA resins was a very rigid structure, and the PMEMA resins consisted of rigid chain segments (bisphenol-A epoxy) and flexible chain segments (polyurethane).
The volume shrinkage is an important test for UV cured films, and is related to the crosslinking network density and structure, and the conversion of acrylic groups and epoxy groups in the molecular chain.

According to the previous work [8-10], diffraction peaks at 35.5°, 37°, and 43° are referred to h-TiAlSiN which has hexagonal close packed (HCP), c-TiAlSiN which has cubic rock – salt B1 structure, and c-TiAlSiN, respectively.
Higher hardness usually provide by non-closed packed structure [8-10] may be benefit for Cr/AlCrTiSiN which has lower hardness element as interlayer.
Such extremely high surface hardness observed are expected for small grain size structure developed [5, 13].
Xian, Effect of interlayers on the structure and properties of TiAlN based coatings on WC-Co cemented carbide, Int.
Schubert, Tungsten Properties, Chemistry, Technology of the Element, Alloys, and Chemical Compounds, New York, 1999.

However, the uniformity of the cell structure and the cell density are limited by the preparation method and the chemical structure of the cellular polymers, for example, crosslinking-foam compounds made by melt mixing of the polymer and additives and the compression molding process give cells larger than 100 mm.
In fact, it is rather hard to obtain a uniform cell structure with a high cell density in conventional foam processing, using a chemical or physical blowing agent.
Figure 3 shows the morphology of the composites, it can be observed that in the samples where the GTR contents are the lowest (5 phr) and the GTR particle size is largest (149 mm), bimodal structure and bigger cell size were presented; but at high contents of the lowest GTR particle size, d tends to get smaller and also cell size distribution tends to homogenize.
Jasra, Indsutrial and Engineering Chemistry Research, 51, (2012), p. 10607-10612

A large number of chain structures were appeared in apple juice.
Chain structures in apple juice are often considered the complex of protein and phenolics.
Figure4b shows a small amount of chain structure with 0.18mm particle size of active carbon.
Figure 4e shows little chain structure with 0.075mm.
Environmental Chemistry, Vol.20 (2001).p. 444-446.

Cruse et al [6] presented three phase FM structures based on Al2O3 modified with ZrO2 or mullite to create favourable residual stresses developed.
Mujahid et al [7] studied alumina based ceramic systems Al2O3-SiO2 and Al2O3-ZrO2 powder structure and its effect on the sintering tendency.
Several attempts were taken in order to reduce this structure, which then promoted to further investigations.
Iler, “The Chemistry of Silica: Solubility, Polymerization, Colloid and Surface Properties and Biochemistry”, NY, Wiley-Blackwell, 1979
Yamamoto, M Omori, T Hashida and H Kimura, “A novel structure for carbon nanotube reinforced alumina composites with improved mechanical properties” Nanotechnology, 19 (2008) 315708 (7pp)

Alternatively, Allcock also pioneered a route to PDCP that utilizes an ambient temperature cationic living polymerization of the phosphoranimine Cl3P=NSiMe3 in the presence of catalytic PCl5.[6] The morphological transformations of PBFP have been studied in detail revealing a well defined low glass transition temperature, Tg (–82 °C to –66 °C), followed by a first order transition, T1, to a liquid crystalline state, T1 (90 °C), and ultimately a melting transition, Tm (240 °C) to an isotropic state.[7] The semicrystalline polymer undergoes a variety of phase transitions when heating exceeds T1, between its amorphous, and a-, b- and g- crystalline phases, which reflect changes in chain conformation, packing and dynamics.[8-12] Sample preparation conditions are known to affect domain structure, degree of cross-linking, and a variety of other physical properties of interest.[11,12] However, the effect that nanocrystalline (nc) filler has on these transitions is not well understood.
Solid-state Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (SSNMR) spectroscopy is an extremely powerful and robust technique for providing information on molecular structure and dynamics of polymers at the atomic level[13-15] that are often inaccessible by other spectroscopic methods routinely employed for polymer characterization.
Magill, Thermal Behavior of Polyphosphazene in Relation to Structure, Polymer 28 (1987) 1243–1252
Magill, Phase Transition and Structure Changes in Poly(bis(phenoxy)phosphazene, Makromol.
Kruger, Thirteen International Conference on Phosphorus Chemistry Posters, Phosphorus Sulfur Silicon Rel.

Introduction Asphalt is traditionally regarded as a colloidal structure.
Recently, the modification of base asphalt with montmorillonite (MMT) has gained more interests among researchers because it is environmentally friendly, readily available and its structure and chemistry have been well studied.
MMT is a layered silicate consists of a type of mineral which has a 2:1 layered structure with two silica tetrahedron sandwiching an alumina octahedron.
It also can detect the variation of the main functional groups in the asphalt based on the infrared spectra corresponding to molecular structures of different molecular group.

Introduction Nanometer-sized semiconductor particles and their size-dependent physicochemical properties are currently a vital field in various branches of chemistry, physics, and biology [1, 2].
Therefore, a stabilizing agent could lead to adjustments in surface structures and affect the nucleation and aggregation levels.
Fig.1 Structures of stabilizing agentsTGA Results and discussion Fig.3 PL intensity and peak emission of particles for various reaction times.
The growth rate and luminescent properties of CdTe QDs are dependent on the stabilizing agents and reaction time due to the effects of surface structures and quantum confinement.
Formation and stability of size-, shape-, and structure-controlled CdTe nanocrystals: Ligand effects on monomers and nanocrystals [J].