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Although cast components may exhibit a complex dispersion of second phases, porosity and inclusions, experimental correlations between mechanical properties and dendritic spacings/grains diameter are of prime importance [5].
A number of works emphasize a clear correlation between the dendritic arrangement and properties such as the tensile strength and ductility.

It can be seen that the conventional screen-printed silver paste/dielectric electrode (Fig. 6(a)) is characterized by a great number of residual pores created during the binder burn-out process.
The non-equivalent replacement of Ag+ for Pb2+ will produce free electrons in the grains.

As a large number of methyl groups is grafted to DNS surface, the existence of which can effectively hinder agglomeration of nanoparticles, accordingly resulting in better dispersion of DNS in PA66 matrix.
This result indicates that the incorporation of DNS can produce the influence on nucleation and crystal growth of PA66, and make the microstructure of PA66 matrix show a grain-refining trend gradually.

As the number of residents in the house shrink, the functions of the main house may change, i.e., the east room is used as the bedroom, the middle one is a hall, and the west room is used as the kitchen and sometimes as the storage room.
Habitants can use the roof to dry and store grain, and even to enjoy a night breeze in summer.

The spaces between the diamond grains are filled with cobalt, which plays an important role as a solvent/catalyst during the synthesis of PCD.
Therefore, in most conditions, the differences between two tools are some basic shape parameters like radius and number of teeth.

A number of bentonite-modified electrodes and electrochemical sensors have been reported, these included the use of a carbon paste modified electrode [14-16], modified electrodes based on mixed bentonite vanadium (V) oxide xerogel [17], Al-pillared acid-activated montmorillonite modified electrodes [18], spectroelectrochemical studies of phenothiazine dyes at clay coated electrodes [19], chitosan-clay electrochemical sensors [20].
The [Ca(2,2¢-bipyridine)3]-montmorillonite/graphite composite was then taken off from the mold and dried at 70°C in an oven for 6 hr, before polishing with fine grain sand paper.

In order to assess the stability, their values should be determined by introducing a sufficient number of independent small deviations (strain increments) away from the original deformation path at each points, in accordance with the symmetry of the particular crystal lattice.
The best evidence for this statement is the success of ab initio supported semi-empirical interatomic potentials used in the recent studies on extended crystal defects such as grain boundaries, dislocations and metastable phases.

In recent years, efforts have been made to use S. alterniflora, such as in feeding livestock, fertilizing soils, extracting the biomineral liquid with a number of health functions and so on[7].
The feasibility of converting ligno-cellulosic vegetative biomass of plants into sugar, which is subsequently fermented to ethanol, opens new venues to tackle the problem of ‘food or fuel’ because the grain is spared for food in the process.

The sharp temperature rise in hard cutting process will cause quenching effect on processing surface, which caused the organization and grain size change of processing surface and made a great influence on size stability, fatigue strength and corrosion resistance[5].
Table 1 Parameters of cutting process Serial number Cutting feed (mm/r) Cutting depth (mm) Cutting speed (m/min) 1 0.05 0.20 180 2 0.10 0.20 180 3 0.15 0.20 180 4 0.20 0.20 180 5 0.25 0.20 180 6 0.30 0.20 180 7 0.20 0.05 180 8 0.20 0.10 180 9 0.20 0.15 180 10 0.20 0.20 180 11 0.20 0.24 180 12 0.20 0.20 64 13 0.20 0.20 80 14 0.20 0.20 102 15 0.20 0.20 144 16 0.20 0.20 180 17 0.20 0.20 228 Results of experiment For processing of high strength steel, generally negative chamfering is adopted in order to increase impact resistance of the tool edge.

A large number of studies have shown that the presence of water vapour in the exposure environment can substantially affect the oxidation behaviour of chromia-forming materials when compared with that in air or in dry oxygen-based gases.
The top surface is formed by spherical grains covering a compact rough underscale.