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For example, an increase in the number of loading cycles of cyclically hardened (or softened) metals contributes to an increase (or decrease) in hardness, primarily on the surface of samples [14, 15].
This critical zone has a relationship with the grain diameter of the material, the ductility characteristic and the critical opening at the crack tip at the endurance limit.

Measurement of the grain size and surface morphology of the sample were performed on a FESEM (model JEOL JSM-6700F) and a transmission electron microscope (Tecnai T20 STwin) operated at an accelerating voltage of 200 kV.
The diameters of the particles are measured and the number of particles with different values of average diameters is counted and displayed in the histogram of size distribution shown in Fig. 5 (b).

Xiong, et al, 2011 artificial sediment trap Merits: can obtain actual information of sediment movement under storms Drawbacks: being suitable only in shallow water areas people can stand, sample number is small, can’t cover the whole process of the storm, with great risk.
Kraus N C (1987, 1989); Yin Ping et al (2003) …… automatic sediment trap Merits: can obtain actual information of sediment movement under storms Drawbacks: large volume and large weight, difficult to carry and set, only being suitable in relatively deep sea above 10m, limited sample number, can’t cover the whole process of the storm.
Scholars from Tianjin Research Institute for Water Transport Engineering [29-30]obtained the samples under a storm using automatic sediment trapper at points with 4-5m water depth in Huanghua sea area, and grain size of suspension sediment were analyzed, but the sampling results is very limited, with only 2 cases.
But the information get by sediment traps were very limited, with only a small number of samples can be obtained, which was difficult to cover the whole process of the storm.
In addition, the number of the sampler is limited, so it was also very important to set the sampling time intervals elaboratively to obtain both the peak data and other data at different levels, which can provide more calibration information so as to improve the accuracy of the auto-measured data.

While the number of counts is highest for 9 nm size range.
IGID'=n-22σGσD' (1) Where n is the number of consecutive graphene planes.
Whatever the precise chemistry of the D band, it was immediately revealed that it was dependent on the La (grain size) value for the carbon, a property for which Tuinstra and Koenig provided an empirical law (Eq. 2) in 1970 [22].
IDIGα La2 (3) Further, to calculate the structural disorder present in the prepared sample, excess number of sp3 to sp2 bonded carbon atom was interpreted by ID/IG & ID/ID’ ratio.
Phosphorus doping in CQDs induced modifications in the electronic state levels, resulting in an increased number of emissive sites within the CQDs.

To provide this information, because the widely-used parametric methods [1-3] permit extrapolation by only a factor of three in time [4], large numbers of stress rupture tests lasting up to 100,000 hours must be completed.
Simultaneously, the continuous increase in ε& t is due to an increase in the widths of 'recovered zones', consisting of recovered subgrains and recrystallised ferrite grains localized along prior austenite boundaries [13].
Finally, only a limited number of additional tests for the different batches of steel would be needed to validate the procedures adopted.
Clearly, these procedures based on property rationalization through Eqs. 5 and 6 would limit the number but not the maximum duration of the tests needed to provide long-term ε& m and tf data.
Moreover, while this alternative extrapolation procedure involves only the test numbers and durations required with the θ methodology, the long-term estimates can be obtained not from analyses of high-precision constant-stress creep curves but simply from ε& m and tf measurements recorded using widely-available constant-load equipment.

Al3Ti is characterized by one dimensional long period structure (1D-LPS) based on L12 unit cell, and a large number of different 1D-LPSs such as D022-Al3Ti, D023-Al3Ti, Al11Ti5, Al23Ti9, Al5Ti2, Al24Ti8 and Al48Ti16 were experimentally observed in Al3-xTi1+x [1-4].
However, practical application of Al3Ti is still hindered by its extreme brittleness and poor ductility, which is often associated with an insufficient number of slip systems and poor grain-boundary cohesion.
These 1D-LPSs can be characterized by the APB period parameter M’ (, M is the ratio of the number of L12 cubes to the number of APB in the 1D-LPSs unit cell) [17].

Samples 1 2 3 4 Target Ce-ZrO2:HA Substrate (sintering temperature °C) Al2O3 (1300) Al2O3 (1400) Al2O3 (1500) Al2O3 (1600) Substrate temperature (°C) 400 Pressure H2O (10-1torr) 3.5 Distance target-substrate (cm) 4 Fluence (J/cm2) 5.5 Number of pulses 5000 H2O vapours treatment 400 o C 6 h Table 1.
Results We observed a change in morphology with increasing the number of pulses.
As we can see from the images, we obtain a rather uniform surface with small grains in the first case and compact agglomerations of larger particulates in the second one.
The grains are in the micrometer range on average and display droplets.
Loading 1.036 N Antagonist 100Cr6 ball, 5 mm diameter Contact geometry Ball/flat Motion Alternative straight motion Displacement 5 mm Frequency 1 Hz Room temperature 20°C Number of cycles 30 cycles 150 cycles Table 5.

Controlling the kinetics of nucleation and growth of crystalline grains under far-fromequilibrium conditions represents a valuable opportunity for the design and preparation of innovative nanostructured materials [20].
In the final growth stages, the growth domains overlap and the different grains impinges with each other.
Nanometer-sized materials prepared by MWP also include a number of oxides [55].
On the one hand, such idea comes from the intuitive connection of the number of droplets with the number of particles at relatively low nebulization rates.
This originates a number of CVD variants of the simple thermally activated CVD process [80-82].

Sensor Network Architecture and Configuration The sensor network functionality required has a number of characteristics which are important from the point of view of research.
Although there are a number of research results proposing different techniques to optimize network configuration [12], this issue needs proper modelling with consideration of the adjustment of transmission ranges [13] and the choice of the most efficient path to forward the data to the sink node.
The use of the measured transient acoustic event and its onset time with the combination of knowledge about the specific positions and the sensing ranges of all nodes in the network would allow locating events very precisely, while at the same time being able to transmit this information using a very low number of packets.
It is this innode and in-cluster data analysis that allows the network to reduce the amount of information that needs to be forwarded to the sink, thus reducing the number of packets sent over the air.
Girod: File-Grained Network Time Synchronization using Reference Broadcasts (Proceedings of the 5th symposium on Operating systems design and implementation, 2002)

The yield for any natural stone cutting process is affected by a number of factors specific to the cutting system (tools, abrasives and coolants, and also factors such as peripheral disk speed, advance speed, depth, vibration, etc.) and the characteristics of the rock itself, whether physical-mechanical (hardness, compressive strength, tensile strength, abrasivity) or petrographic (mainly mineralogy, texture and void spaces).
GRANITE KEY: AL, Albero; GA, Gris Alba; GM, Gris Mondariz; GR, Grissal; RP, Rosa Porriño; SV, Silvestre Vilachán; TP, Traspieles In selecting the materials to be tested, in order to obtain a representative sample we tried to ensure the greatest possible diversity in terms of response to cutting and textural parameters (grain size, degree of alteration and porosity).
Given the large number of parameters that can affect cutting and the complexity of the problem, we tested the materials by varying only those parameters which most affect the cut: linear cutting speed (m/min) and cutting depth (mm).
The data record obtained by the ES34 system was based on readings for a number of devices located at the engine frequency converter output.
A number of simultaneous multiple tests were implemented, based on the first two optimization criterion variables (consumption (kW) and production (mm2/min)); a third ANOVA was then implemented for energy consumption (A) recorded in the drive, in order to check if the optimal cutting settings selected from this indicator agreed with those obtained after analysis of the power consumed by the drive in its input (kW).