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Based on the Series System Initial Tunnel Lining Supporting System Reliability Analysis Si Yang Chen1,a Zhong Li1,b Yan Peng Zhu1,c Tian Yu Zhang 2 Hua Wen Ou 3 1.Collage of civil engineering,Lanzhou University of Technology,lanzhou730050,China; 2.Lanzhou military political department management office,lanzhou730000,China; 3.Erchu,CO.
The calculation results show that in the engineering example, tunnel lining structure in some local section of the reliability index is smaller, but the whole support system reliability indexes meet the design requirements, the whole tunnel lining structure in a safe state.
Introduction Tunnel because of its geological environment is more complex, showing random and discrete changes in lithology, while in the tunnel structure design, construction and maintenance of the process there is a substantial influence on tunnel safety, durability and practicality of the impact of such uncertainties make structural damage state was the diversity and complexity, coupled with some of the difficulties on the mathematical derivation, leading to system reliability in actual engineering is not common,but its design decisions and evaluate the importance of can not be ignored.
Example Engineering Background.Gu-lang tunnel left line mileage for the ZK2422+456.2-DK2424+118, a length of 1661 meters, the right line mileage for the YK2422+500-YK2424+096, a length of 1596 meters, a total of about 3257 meters.the tunnel the line around the exit tunnel centerline spacing of 37.3 meters, the spacing is 26.44 meters, the outlet end slope of 2.6%; primary support of tunnel with formworking concrete C30, the slump of concrete is 70~100mm.Apparatus using total station instrument, standard precision + 1", 2mm+2ppm, angle, distance measurement, as far as possible so that the angular error control in 1, is less than 1 / 200000 of length error; in the determination of angle, hole or holes inside the external angle and height, length of great disparity, horizontal angle observation of not less than 15 measurement back to.
[3] Ministry of Transport of the People's Republic of China.JTC/T D70-2010 Guidelines for Design of Highway Tunnel [S],2010 [4] Yang Cheng-yong, Zhang Mi,Bai Xiao-liang.Displacement-based method for reliability analysis of Shotcrete Lining of Tunnel [J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2003,22 (2):266-269 [5] Liu Yong ,Song Yu-Xiang ,Jing Shi-Ting.Study of Probability Limite State Design of Railway Tunnel Concrete Lining Structure [J].Journal of Shijiazhuang Railway Institute, 2001, 14(2): 1-4 [6] Chang Y.

Numerical examples show that the SCM is of numerical stability, good accuracy, high computational efficiency, and can effectively perform shakedown analysis of large-scale practical engineering structures. 1 Introduction In the fields of petrochemicals, mechanical engineering, civil engineering, nuclear energy and so on, many equipment and structural elements made of ductile metals are subject to variable repeated loads.
Therefore, it is of great significance and engineering value to perform shakedown analysis to evaluate the load-bearing capability of structures under cyclic loading [1].
The History of Theoretical, Material and Computational Mechanics-Mathematics Meets Mechanics and Engineering, Springer, 2014, pp. 169-193
Weichert, Numerical lower bound shakedown analysis of engineering structures, Comput Method Appl M, 200 (2011) 2828-2839
Shen, Shakedown analysis of engineering structures under multiple variable mechanical and thermal loads using the stress compensation method, Int J Mech Sci, 140 (2018) 361-375

Archives of civil and mechanical engineering 15, 87–94
Key engineering Materials
Precision Engineering 38, 92– 99
Engineering Failure Analysis 9, 93–97
Procedia Engineering, 56, 696 – 701 [38] Fukuzawa, Y.

Preliminary Evaluation of Field Aging Characteristic of Warm Mix Asphalt *Shih-Hsien Yang1 and Anthony Keita2 1, 2Department of Civil Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan 70101 ashyang@mail.ncku.edu.tw, bmantana.anthony@gmail.com Keywords: Warm Mix Asphalt, Sasobit®, Evotherm®, resilient modulus, indirect tensile strength, complex shear modulus, phase angle.
WA-RD 650.1, A thesis for partial fulfillment of the degree of Master of Science in Civil Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 2006
[3] Vaitkus, A., Čygas, D., Laurinavičius, A., and Perveneckas, Z., “Analysis and Evaluation of Possibilities for the Use of Warm Mix Asphalt in Lithuania,” The Baltic Journal of Road and Bridge Engineering, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 80-86, 2009
MSc thesis, Russ College of Engineering and Technology of Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA

Determination of Thermophysical Properties of Alternative Motor Fuels as an Environmental Aspect of Internal Combustion Engines UMERENKOVA Ksenia1,a, BORYSENKO Vitalii1,b, KONDRATENKO Olexandr1,c, LIEVTIEROV Anton2,d 1National University of Civil Defence of Ukraine, 94, Chernishevska str., Kharkiv, Ukraine, 61023 2A.M.
All-Ukrainian Scientific and Practical Conference «Problems of Technogenic and Ecological Safety in the Field of Civil Defence»: Collection of Materials.
Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering, 87 2 (2018) 77–84
Kostenko, Analysis of the efficiency of using alternative fuels in vehicles, Problems of mechanical engineering, 14 1 (2011) 69–73
Umerenkova, Estimated assessment of the thermophysical properties of biogas used as a fuel for transport, Industrial heat engineering, 32 1 (2010) 35–41.

Experimental verification of the behavior of protective steel liner of concrete containment Alena Kohoutková1,a, Petr Bílý1,b*, Josef Fládr1,c, Jan Vodička1,d 1Department of Concrete and Masonry Structures, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Thákurova 7, 16629 Prague, Czech Republic aakohout@fsv.cvut.cz, bpetr.bily@fsv.cvut.cz, cjosef.fladr@fsv.cvut.cz, djan.vodicka@fsv.cvut.cz Keywords: Concrete containment, steel liner, liner buckling, liner tearing, anchorage systems Abstract.
Experiments The experiments were carried out in the laboratories of the Faculty of Civil Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague on ZUZ 200-1350 – HA 63-200 testing machine (maximum load 200 kN).
Nuclear Engineering and Design 16 (1971), pp. 294 – 300
Submitted for publishing in Nuclear Engineering and Design, publication expected by the end of 2015

Experiment Study on Influence of Initial Stress in Concrete Filled Steel Tubular Latticed Columns under Axial Load Fuyun Huang1,2, Guan Yu2, Baochun Chen2, Jianzhong Li1 1College of Civil Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 250092; 2College of Civil Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108.
[7] Johansson M, Gylltoft K, Mechanical behavior of circular steel-concrete composite [J], Journal of Structural Engineering, ASCE, 2002, 128(8): 1073-1081
Engineering mechanics, 2010, (7): 103-112.

Vinayaka Ram1,b*, Rajagopalan Parameshwaran2,c 1Department of Civil Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology and Science – Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Telangana - 500078, India 2Department of Mechanical Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology and Science - Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Telangana - 500078, India ap20200431@hyderabad.bits-pilani.ac.in, bvinayak@hyderabad.bits-pilani.ac.in, cparameshwaranr@hyderabad.bits-pilani.ac.in Keywords: Interfacial transition zone, Compressive strength, Ultra-pulse velocity, Alkali activated concrete.
This means that the compressive strength was highest in the oven curing method (up to 59.34 MPa), irrespective of the different aggregates, which is sufficient for civil engineering applications
Saravana Raja Mohan, Influence of recycled concrete aggregates on the engineering and durability properties of alkali activated slag concrete, Constr.

Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering. 91(1) (2018) 27–33
Stetsyuk, System approach for readiness assessment units of civil defense to actions at emergency situations.
Key Engineering Materials. 952 (2023) 143–154
IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. 708 (2019) 012065
[29] Microwave power engineering: edited by E.C. 

Effect of Low Content of Metakaolin Addition on the Properties and Pore Structure of Concrete GENG Haining1, a, LI Qiu2, 3, b *, SHI Zhiguang4,c and SHUI Zhonghe4,d 1Hubei Urban Construction Vocational and Technological College, Wuhan 430205, China 2State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China 3WUT-UC Berkeley Joint Laboratory on Concrete Science and Technology, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China 4School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China aghn_007@126.com, bqiu-li@whut.edu.cn, c504439113@qq.com, dzhshui@whut.edu.cn Keywords: Compressive strength; Pore size distribution; Portland cement; Metakaolin; Hydration products.
Rivard, Influence of supplementary cementitious materials on engineering properties of high strength concrete, Construction and Building Materials, 25 (2011) 2639-2648
Kurtis, Influence of metakaolin surface area on properties of cement-based materials, Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 19 (2007) 762-771
Khatib, Low Temperature Curing of Metakaolin Concrete, Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 21 (2009) 362-367