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In general, bentonite is a naturally occurring fine-grained mineral mainly composed of montmorillonite and quartz, and feldspar to a lesser extent.
After a constant number, the viscosity value was recorded, and the plastic viscosity to yield point ratio (b) was calculated using Eq. 1.
Acknowledgment The authors would like to thank PT Pertamina for the financial support through the research collaboration between Materials & Chemical Research, PT Pertamina, and Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Gadjah Mada, with the contract number: 001/P00330/2019-SO.

Thus, high activity in terms of conversion (recovery of more useful gasoline products from the feedstock), less residuum and insignificant amount of coke formation can be obtained by employing the zeolites as catalyst.[9,10,11,12] Catalytic cracking has a number of advantages.
By catalytic cracking, high yields of gasoline with the high octane number are produced.
The grain crushing strength of formed Y zeolite was carried out using (Crush SP –50) from MA.TEC materials technologies, USA.

However, until now considerable controversies remain in this issue, and no consensus has been reached for the primary determinant, probably as the controlling factors for the spatial patterns of species diversity may vary with geographical extent and grain size[1,4].
A number of possible drivers have been used to explain the decreasing patterns, such as energy availability[11], rescue effects[16], species pool[17], area[11,18] and nutrient supply[12], etc.
For example, though a number of spatial units had broad altitudinal range, some of them are located in high altitudinal regions, and low level of energy availability can not sustain high richness of plant species there.

Detection percentages were computed as the number of detected defects divided by the total number of defects of a given size class.
This differentiation is not always achievable by current ultrasonic rail inspection systems because the coarse grained structure of welds often prevents the penetration of high-frequency ultrasonic beams.

(a) HR-TEM images of the cobalt nanoparticles and (b) Number frequency histogram showing particle size distribution of synthesized cobalt nanoparticles.
This low dielectric loss is attributed to homogeneity, better symmetry and the small grain size when compared with bulk sample [50].
This is not only an economically saving method, but also an environmentally friendly where the least number of chemical species is used to prepare a high performance nanparticles with unique properties.

As a result of the described observations, numerical studies were set up on shell elements with a high number of integration points (21).
Plastic deformation leads to a movement of dislocations that eventually pile up on the grain boundaries.
Acknowledgement The work presented in this paper has kindly been funded by the Arbeitsgemeinschaft industrieller Forschungsvereinigungen „Otto von Guericke“(grant number: IGF 19273 BR).

Due to the gravity, the pyroclastic grains vary from coarse to fine from the crater to the far crater and from lower to upper.
Plane Distribution Characteristics of Dominant Volcanic Rock Facies in Jinlong Area During the Main Period During the middle and late stages of the Carboniferous volcanic activities, a number of volcanic eruption centers were developed, which were distributed bead-like along the fissures, and the volcanic activity was weaker than the activies in the early and middle stages.
Acknowledgements We are grateful to the support from Natural Science Foundation of China for “the development mechanism of high-quality reservoirs under the background of volcanic activity - taking Beizhong District of Hailar Basin as an example” (project number: 41302095).

The coarse aggregates were continuously graded gravel with the grain size of 5~10mm, and the fine aggregates were medium sands in II-zone with the fineness modulus of 2.98.
The number of expansile production (ettringite etc.) increased with the corrosion age increasing.
The number of connected channels reduced and the compactness of the concrete was also improved.

This physical effect of the ultra fine grains leads to reduction in porosity of transition zone in the fresh concrete.
It has been found that the uniformly dispersed nano-SiO2 particles generate a large number of the nucleation sites for the precipitation of the hydrated products which accelerates cement hydration [8].
It seems that the impermeability enhancement can be attributed to two concomitant phenomena: i Nano-SiO2 particles generated a large number of the nucleation sites for precipitation of the hydration products and induced more homogenous distribution of CSH and hence less pore structure.

Nowadays, a considerable number of quasicrystals is known, most of them are ternary alloys.
At very high temperature thermal vacancies are available in sufficient numbers and each implanted positron gets trapped before annihilation.
Nakajima, Diffusion of 54Mn and 68Ge in Single Grain Icosahedral Al70Pd21.5Mn8.5 Quasicrystals, Defect and Diffusion Forum 143-147, 849 - 854 (1997)