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The research of Esmaily et al. [19] compared the conventional and bobbin tool FSW of 10mm thick extruded AA6005-T6 profiles and found that the BT-FSW joints have a finer grain structure, higher hardness values and slightly higher ultimate strengths.
The polishing was done gradually and with fine grain sizes (P800, P1000) and (P1200, P2000, P4000).
Group Group naming Number of test pieces Welding by Tool used 1 Sp BT-FSW 3 BT-FSW Tb 2 Sp C-FSW 3 C-FSW TC 3 Sp NSP 3 / / 4 Sp NSR 3 / / Sp BT-FSW: tensile specimens machined from the plates welded by BT-FSW Sp C-FSW: tensile specimens machined from plates welded by C-FSW Sp NSP: raw specimens, machined from the plates taken longitudinally Sp NSR: raw specimens, machined from plates taken transversely.

The size and grain are based on the mobility of the metal clusters on the surface of polymer.
Compare to ceramics and metals, polymers are lesser dense and have a coordination number and lightweight atoms of carbo and hydrogen as a backbone, due to these reason they are used in various light weight applications like aerospace, automobile, electronic and defense.Occasionally, in the polymer matrix nanocomposites, unique combinations of properties have been observed.
The development of nanophases was described through the high nucleation frequency within the limited time for growth of grains before impingement.

The impurity elements (such as Pb, As, Sb and Bi) exist predominantly in the blister copper cast anode mostly as complex oxides along the grain boundaries [6].
The various metallic (viz., Ag, Pb, Sn, Fe, Ni, Co, Zn, etc) and non-metallic (viz., O < 1%, S, As, Sb, Bi, Se, Te) impurities in the cast anodes are present as solid solutions in the copper metal matrix and/or as inclusions in the copper metal grain boundaries, however, the quantification of their association and carriers are difficult due to the anode mineralogical complexities being influenced by the variation of the feed and/or smelting to anode casting processes [32-34,43,63-65].
The Ni(II) increase in the electrolyte is the consequence of the acid dissolution of the NiO which is mostly present as the solid solution in the grain boundary of the Cu-anode [121].
The conventional treatment has a number of disadvantages [7,118]: (i) difficult materials handling and limited rate at which the electrolyte can be cycled through the cells, (ii) energy consumption, (iii) loss of high value copper in a low value recycle product as Cu3As and Cu5As2 in the liberator cell [7], (iv) possibility of forming toxic arsine gas and the formation of toxic deposits which have to be disposed of.

The NW-SE direction of tensile stress field weakened and replaced by a nearly EW trending extensional stress (the internal representation of the basin is the dextral transtensional stress) [11], the basin fault distribution from the NE gradual transition from the NNE-trending, NW-trending and associated with a large number of SN to the secondary faults.
The reservoir lithology of the buried hill in the middle fault depression belt in Haita basin is mainly tuffaceous sand (gravel) rocks and different grain size of sand (gravel) rocks, and pressure solution and metasomasis are more common.

This could be useful, for instance, for quickly finding out if an abnormal number of equipment failures has happened in a short amount of time, or if a plant is consistently failing to meet its schedule.
These materials are then grounded to micron-sized grains and are turned into a solid paste through an atomization process.

Because of the aggregation of MWCNTs over this number, all of the characteristics of CNT-reinforced composites diminish [15,16].
The average grain size (G) of the crystalline (f-MWCNT) and amorphous (PEDOT: PSS/MWCNT) samples might have a serious influence on the material properties (determined by FWHM) and d-spacing as indicated by the values in Table.2 after that done estimated from the X-ray spectra.

Besides cationic distribution, grain size and porosity play vital roles in determining the characteristics of these ferrites [3].
At low Ni concentration (high Zn2+ concentration), maximum number of Fe3+ ions are at B-sites and the net magnetization is primarily due to the weak antiferromagnetic coupling between intra sub-lattice Fe3+ ions, which is in the range of 18-21 emu/g in Ni0.2Zn0.8Fe2O4 (Table 2).

Among them, the support vector machine parameters optimize the algorithm through a grain of subgroup to carry on the optimization, and finally realize optimized type asynchronous traction motor to cage the fault diagnosis. [25] Fault diagnosis flow chart is shown in fig. 6.
But there are quite a number of researches and exploration work which needs to be done; this is also the future of fault diagnosis methods of new research direction.

To reduce the system energy, these excessive vacancies will collapse into voids preferentially at the sites of defects such as grain boundaries and dislocations.
As a result, a large number of Kirkendall voids generated in the original Al layer as shown in Figs. 4(a) and (b).

The energy content, cetane number and viscosity of biodiesel are similar to those of petroleum-based diesel fuel.
The morphology of (a) is intensive granular, crystal grain are smaller and the crystallites between 0.2 μm and 0.35 μm.