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The crystal structure of a normal spinel like MgAl2O4 consists of bivalent cations in tetrahedral site and trivalent cations in octahedral sites.
Inverse spinel structure as in MgFe2O4 consists of all the bivalent cations in octahedral site and the tetrahedral sites, mainly governed by the effect of the orbitals of the transition metal oxides forming the spinel.
High temperature order-disorder in the position of the cations within the spinel structure has been studied resulting that at high temperatures the equilibrium distribution of the occupancy of tetrahedral and octahedral sites by bivalent cations exists [10] where the spinel phase is most stable and the reported value of ~33% inversion results in a structure of high thermodynamic stability even at elevated temperature.
The changes in the lattice parameter of spinel (refer with: Table 1) showed that the role of nano-oxides is more pronounced in creating defect spinel structure and solid solution only in the absence of iron oxide.
Gibbs, Systematics of the Spinel Structure Type, Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, 4 (4), 1989, pp. 317–340

., melamine (MEL), urea, dicyandiamide) necessary to create the porous, expanded structure.
In addition, the wormlike structure of the EG char conferred higher strength on the char compared to the fluffy, thin, cellular structure of PER char.
(a) Outer char surface of F1 showing an expanded, thin cellular structure (b) Outer char surface of F2 reveals a thick wall with poorly-formed, scattered pores.
In Figure 5b, the graphite flakes in F4 have similar expanded layered structure to the unreinforced system.
Materials Chemistry and Physics, 256, 123634

The rate of the polycondensation reaction is higher than that of the hydrolysis reaction, so the siloxane chains are crosslinked to form a mesh structure, which explains the rigid structure of the gel.
Due to the presence of methyl groups in the structure of MTEOS, the rate of hydrolysis was significantly higher than polycondensation, which delayed the formation of water clathrates in the structure of the gel coating.
Preferably, linear polycondensation in hybrid sols prevented the formation of clathrates in the gel structure, which was confirmed by the X-ray phase method.
Orthophosphoric acid and its transformation products formed as a result of decomposition have a catalytic effect on the processes of thermodestruction of cellulose-containing materials, facilitate pyrolytic dehydrogenation and dehydration reactions, which can lead to secondary structuring reactions (dehydrocondensation, cyclization, recombination and structure).
Kuan, Preparation, characterization and properties of novolac-type phenolic/SiO2 hybrid organic-inorganic nanocomposite materials by sol–gel method, Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry. 41 (7) (2003) 905–9 13

A subgranular structure can be identified at smaller scale (Fig. 3c,d).
Comparison with the PANI-PVDF blend (Fig. 3e) shows a similar granular structure, without needle like structures.
We attributed the observed merged granular structure to PANI.
A percolation network structure, attributed to PANI is revealed in atomic force microscopy phase contrast images.
Kaner, Nanostructured polyaniline sensors, Chemistry 10 (2004) 1314–1319

How do C impurities in mc-Si affect the chemistry of H that is introduced to passivate deleterious defects in mc-Si solar cells?
The inset shows the structures of H2* defects trapped by C impurities in Si.
The 1922 and 2752 cm-1 lines have been assigned to the CHbcSiHab structure on the right.
Fig. 2 shows defect structures that have been proposed recently by theory for H2*(C).
Structure of the VH4 center in Si trapped by C to form a VH3-CH complex.

This may affects the adhesion between the interfacial structures of the fabricated device.
The final structure after deposition of layer 1 is an s-shape of the cantilever beam.
The device structures are shown in Figure 2.
Darling, Enhanced block copolymer lithography using sequential infiltration synthesis, Journal of Physical Chemistry C 115 (2011) 17725–17729
Soboyejo: Adhesion in Organic Structures, Journal of Applied Physics 106, 083708 (2009)

Composition, structure, and properties of the coatings were determined for each sample with a size of 10´10´5 mm.
Fig. 2 shows the structure of coating modified by the complex: 3...5 wt.% spherical cast tungsten carbide + 1...1.5 wt.% B4C Fig. 2.
Structure and abrasive wear resistance of deposited metal hardened with carbides of different types.
Coddet Structure and wear behaviour of HVOF-sprayed Cr3C2–NiCr and WC–Co coatings.
Chemistry of Synthesis of Combustion, Ed.

Such electronic structure conditions are favouring large values of the Seebeck effect, which, in fact, are found experimentally [5].
The electronic structure of Fe2V1−xNbxAl alloys (with x=0,0.1) has been calculated within Local-Spin-Density Approximation (LSDA) [16] employing the bulk Korringa-Kohn-Rostokker band structure formalism as described in Refs. [17], [18].
The latter is based on the cubic fcc full-Heusler structure (space group: 225).
Parkin: Progress in Solid State Chemistry 39, (2011), p. 1 [4] M.
Weinberger, Electronic structure of disordered alloys, surfaces and interfaces (2013), doi: 10.1007/978-1-4615-6255-9 [22] E.

Structures and general applications of 1D to 4D nanomaterials.
The structure is responsive to stimuli and has adaptive behavior [11], meaning that it is valuable under more kinds of circumstances.
Among the various structures of 3D scaffolds, honeycomb-patterned nanofibrous structures (HNFSs) are a general and natural phenomenon for the self-assembled electrospun nanofibers [16].
Other structures including nanofiber yarns (NFY) and 3D nanofiber stacks have both advantages and disadvantages, respectively [18-20].
[25] Ding, Zhen, et al., 4D rods: 3D structures via programmable 1D composite rods, Materials & Design, vol. 137, 2018, pp.256-265.

Huang at al. have been deposited the multilayer structure with different thickness onto the unheated substrates [24].
Leonov et al. presented CrN/TiN structure with 8-, 16-, and 32-layers deposited at 390 - 400 °C [29].
Table 1 shows the measured thicknesses and the calculated modulation periods (Λ) for the each NML structures.
Kolodiy, Structure and properties of CrN coatings formed using cathodic arc evaporation in stationary system, Trans.
Lai, Effect of substrate surface roughness on the characteristics of CrN hard film, Materials Chemistry and Physics 43 (1996) 266 - 273