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The influence of the PTR up to a total thickness reduction of 50% and the effect of a single 50% reduction step in a bi-layer bonding condition was analyzed.
The influence of these process parameters on the strain and rigid body rotation components was compared with the experimental data obtained on an AA1050 aluminum.
The most homogeneous strain distribution was achieved at 20% thickness reduction.
(a) (b) Figure 3 Progressive deformation at PTR 05% and PTR 10%: a) shear to compression strain ratio exz/exx as a function of the total thickness reduction, and b) rigid body rotation component as a function of the total thickness reduction.
Figure 4 shows the texture results for a total thickness reduction of 50% and PTRs 5, 10 and 50%.

Research on Viscosity Reduction and the Transportation at Atmospheric Temperature for Heavy Oil with Microwave Radiation Technique Huayi Jiang1, a, Yinan Zhang1,b , Aijun Wei1,c and Xu Wang1,b 1Xi’an Shiyou University, College of Petroleum Engineering,Xi’an , 710065,China ahuayij@163.com, bzhangyinan19@126.com, cwajmail@xsyu.edu.cn Keywords: heavy oil microwave transmission mathematical model Abstract.
The technology of heavy oil viscosity reduction by using microwave 1.Experimental study of using microwave on the rheology of heavy oil viscosity change.
23.6 19.7 28.4 after 32.7 23.4 20.9 23.0 Dagang before 33.3 40.8 14.8 11.1 after 38.1 38.6 14.1 9.2 Liaohe before 24.8 31.3 21.0 22.9 after 26.3 33.2 20.1 20.1 liaohe（*） before 24.8 31.3 21.0 22.9 after 26.7 30.9 20.4 22.0 This sample is dehydrated group composition of heavy oil by the data in Table 2 shows, the crude oil asphaltene concentrations of TuHa, ShengLi, LiaoHe and DaGang are reduced, saturated Hydrocarbons, aromatics content increased.
The influence of asphaltenes on the viscosity of the oil dispersion factors plays important role, thus, the microwave effect hold on an important role in reducing the asphaltene content .It is one of the important factor in reduction the victory of heavy oil.
Microwave non-thermal viscosity reduction effect is obvious, which has double function with both heating and non-thermal viscosity reduction.

Compared with the data reported earlier[26], a good agreement was observed with 3.33% in table 2.
Each solubility data is an average value of three experimental solubility measurements.
In our study, both of these models were applied to correlate the solubility data.  
The correlation parameters of experimental data are shown in table 6.
Data. 2010, 55, 3946-3951

For the commercialization of PLC, noise reduction and cancelation technique are needed.
The purpose of this work is to separate and extract the various noise of power line from data signals. 1.
Also, the PLC modem is connected to the laptop by RJ45 port for data transmission.
We predicted and recognized the overall pattern with dispersed data ​​of a particular frequency by measuring the entire PLC communication frequency band.
With this approach, we can remove the noise problems in PLC and improve the stability of system and the reliability of received data.

Because of the temperature effect of the distributed strain observation, it is not easy to analyze the real strain in tested data.
Using AQ8603-BOTDR to note strain data outside the constant temperature laboratory.
First, adjust the experiment temperature to 0℃, and testing note data after keep this temperature two hours, then adjust the experiment temperature to 5℃, and testing note data after keep this temperature two hours, do by this step, and accomplish one cycle test until 50℃.
Fig. 1 The experimental platform of optical Fig. 2 Sketch map of Optical fiber lay way fiber temperature correction Experimental Data Analysis Fig. 3 shows the test data in five cycle repeat tests of Φ0.9SM optical fiber.
Fig. 3 Test curve of Φ0.9SM optical fiber in five periodic Data Repeatability.

Their adsorption kinetics experiments data was fitted with pseudo-second-order rate model, its quation was 1/qt=0.094+5.51/t, and equilibrium adsorption capacity obtained from fitting curve was 10.6mg/g, consistent with the experimental results(11.5mg/g).The adsorption isotherm test was carried at 25℃-50℃, the equilibrium adsorption capacity was 10.9mg/g by Langmuir model, which being similar with experiment results, the free energy (∆G), enthalpy(∆H) and entropy (∆S) were obtanined with Clapeyron-Clausius and Gibbs-Helmholtz equation in the adsorption isotherm, which all were negative, indicated that HA adsorbed by as-produced adsorbent was an exothermic process of entropy reduction.
Table 1 given the HA equilibrium removal rate and equilibrium adsorption capacity by 10%AC.The adsorption kinetics experiments data in Fig.1 (d), (e), (f) were fitted with pseudo-second-order rate model[4], the fitting parameters of kinetics curve for HA adsorption by 10%AC, equilibrium adsorption capacity obtained from fitting curve was 10.6mg/g with pH at 5.5, 10%CNT dosage at 1g/L and HA initial concentration at 30mg/L , consistent with the experimental results(11.5mg/g), indicated that it correctly described dynamic adsorption process for HA adsorbing by 10%AC.
At four experimental temperatures, the free energy change △G <0, illustrated the adsorption processes being spontaneous for MCNT adsorbing HA, but △G gradually increased as the temperature increased, the spontaneous trend declined; Adsorption enthalpy △H <0 and adsorption entropy △S reduction for the exothermic adsorption process Table 4 HA adsorption thermodynamics parameters by 10%AC T/K G∆ /（KJ·mol-1） H∆ /（KJ·mol-1） S∆ /（J·K -1·mol-1） 298 -2.6056 -19.9128 -58.8771 303 -1.8265 313 -1.3536 323 -1.0351 Conclusions Overall, the results of this study showed that the HA removal rate and adsorption capacity by 10%AC depended greatly on pH, adsorbent dosage and HA initial concentration.
Their adsorption kinetics experiments data was fitted with pseudo-second-order rate model well, equilibrium adsorption capacity obtained by from pseudo-second-order rate model and Langmuir model were10.6mg/g, 11mg/g respectively, consistent with the experimental results (11.5mg/g).
The HA adsorbed by 10%AC was an exothermic process of entropy reduction.

COST REDUCTION This paper is essentially an up-date of the lead-off paper presented at the previous 2007 conference in this series (1).
The major thrust in titanium development has been aimed at achieving cost reduction rather than developing alloys with enhanced properties (2).
Broadly speaking, cost reduction can come from either a reduction in the cost of production of the metal itself or from creative techniques for the fabrication of final components.
This work assumed that there could be a 50% reduction in the cost of CP titanium (from $13.60/lb) and developed the data shown in Table II for various applications.
Titanium Extraction Processes (4) Techniques Comments FFC* Oxide, electrolytic molten CaCl2 MER* Oxide, electrolytic SRI* Fluidized bed H2 reduction of TiCl4 BHP (Billiton, Australia) Oxide electrolytic, pre-pilot plant Idaho Ti Plasma quench, chloride Ginatta, Italy Electrolytic, chloride OS (Ono, Japan) Electrolytic/calciothermic oxide MIR, Germany Iodide reduction CSIR, South Africa Electrolysis of oxide Okabe-I, Tokyo, Japan Oxide, reduction by Ca Okabe-II, Tokyo, Japan Oxide, Ca vapor reduction Vartech, Idaho Oxide, Ca vapor reduction Northwest Inst.

The experimental data showed variations in specific surface area, microstructure by the activated carbon fibers.
An abrupt reduction of specific surface area was observed in the experiments with the ratio of 3:1 of KOH/stabilized PAN-based fiber, being dissimilar with the result of KOH/fiber ratios of 1:1 and 2:1 in the similar experiments.
The abrupt reduction of specific surface areas in the ratio of 3:1 in KOH/stabilized PAN-based fiber was different from the ratios of 1:1 and 2:1.
KOH changed to K2O at 900 � , and subsequently K2O changed to metallic K + ions by reduction process at 900 � .
The abrupt reduction of specific surface areas in the ratio of 3:1 in KOH/stabilized PAN-based fiber was different from the ratios of 1:1 and 2:1.

Introduction In recent years the synthesis of ultrafine magnetic cobalt particles has received increasing attention due to their unique physicochemical properties, which makes them desirable in many technological applications, such as magnetic fluids, catalysis, and absorbing material including high-density data information storage [1,2].
Cobalt particles can be synthesized using various techniques, such as hydrogen reduction [3], thermal decomposition [4], microemulsion methods [5], polyol method [6], and chemical reduction of cobalt salts by hydrazine hydrate [7].
The chemical reduction of cobalt salts by hydrazine hydrate is considered to be the most widely used method.
In this paper, we employ the chemical reduction of cobalt salts by hydrazine hydrate in different solvents, such as ethylene glycol and ethanol.
Hwang, et al., Preparation of cobalt nanoparticles by hydrogen reduction of cobalt chloride in the gas phase, Materials Research Bulletin. 39 (2004) 63-70

The current CCM required a weight reduction and up to 33% was achieved.
The weight data of CCM parts for original and fabricated is shown in Table 3.
Massive weight reduction was found in stationary and rotating split frame that contribute to 55.2% and 31.6% weight reduction respectively.
The total weight of original CCM is 66.48 kg wheras the fabricated CCM is 44.24 kg that show weight reduction of 33.5%.
The overall percentage of weight reduction between the fabricated and the original CCM is 33.5%.