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Online since: August 2013
Authors: Hua Bai, Si Yu Zeng, Xin Dong, Ji Ning Chen
Chemistry in its application to agriculture and physiology (Wiley and Putnam Press, U.S. 1847).
].
Dong et al (2011) established a state model for system analysis and structure comparisonof urban wastewater system in different patterns[[] X.
For COD-Cindividually, the structure of emission was similar for all the cities.
Structure analysis of COD-C and TN-N emission based on the unit of “t/y/km2” Using “t/y/km2” as unit of measurement, both absolute values and structures of COD-C emission to receiving water were analogous in the four studied cities, as shown in the left chart in Figure 6.
Compared with the simulation results in section 3.1, the common ground was the structure of TN-N flows to the receiving water.
Dong et al (2011) established a state model for system analysis and structure comparisonof urban wastewater system in different patterns[[] X.
For COD-Cindividually, the structure of emission was similar for all the cities.
Structure analysis of COD-C and TN-N emission based on the unit of “t/y/km2” Using “t/y/km2” as unit of measurement, both absolute values and structures of COD-C emission to receiving water were analogous in the four studied cities, as shown in the left chart in Figure 6.
Compared with the simulation results in section 3.1, the common ground was the structure of TN-N flows to the receiving water.
Online since: December 2014
Authors: Wei Ping Tu, Zhuo Chen, Qing Hui Shao, Teng Yuan, Jian Qing Hu, Feng Wang
In alkali swelling, a latex microsphere tends to form holes or microporous structure, instead of hollow structure, which leads to poor opacity[10-13].
During preparation of the hollow latex polymer microspheres by in-situ polymerization encapsulation non-solvent method, particles are apt to agglomerate, rupture, collapse and have wide range of particle diameters, resulting in problems including porous structure, high requirements on operation and likely system instability[14].
Surface morphology of post-swelling hollow latex polymer microsphere is shown by TEM image in Fig. 4: As shown in Figs. 4(a)-(f), all latex microspheres have hollow structure.
This is mainly because strength and hardness of the shell that encapsulates the latex microsphere have direct effect on the morphology and structure of such hollow latex polymer microsphere after hole forming and swelling by non-solvent hydrocarbon.
Under the circumstance when content of crosslink monomer in the shell is less than 10wt%, due to the ruptured or collapsed structure in the shell, the film still has lowered opacity.
During preparation of the hollow latex polymer microspheres by in-situ polymerization encapsulation non-solvent method, particles are apt to agglomerate, rupture, collapse and have wide range of particle diameters, resulting in problems including porous structure, high requirements on operation and likely system instability[14].
Surface morphology of post-swelling hollow latex polymer microsphere is shown by TEM image in Fig. 4: As shown in Figs. 4(a)-(f), all latex microspheres have hollow structure.
This is mainly because strength and hardness of the shell that encapsulates the latex microsphere have direct effect on the morphology and structure of such hollow latex polymer microsphere after hole forming and swelling by non-solvent hydrocarbon.
Under the circumstance when content of crosslink monomer in the shell is less than 10wt%, due to the ruptured or collapsed structure in the shell, the film still has lowered opacity.
Online since: April 2020
Authors: Hang T.T. Le, Nam T. H. Chu, Quang L.D. Ngo
The structure of the resulting OMCs is usually reverse replica of their templates.
Accordingly, the structures of the resultant OMCs are diverse.
SBA-15 clearly reveals typical ordered mesoporous structure in the nanorod shape.
This signifies that all the synthesized materials had the mesoporous structure.
Tour, Covalent chemistry of single-wall carbon nanotubes, J.
Accordingly, the structures of the resultant OMCs are diverse.
SBA-15 clearly reveals typical ordered mesoporous structure in the nanorod shape.
This signifies that all the synthesized materials had the mesoporous structure.
Tour, Covalent chemistry of single-wall carbon nanotubes, J.
Online since: December 2015
Authors: C.J. Ani, Y. Danyuo, Karen Malatesta, W.O. Soboyejo, S. Odunsoya
The stress/strain distribution and energy release rates associated with the observed detachments are also computed using elastic cell deformation, fluid/structure interactions and linear fracture mechanics (LEFM) model.
(a) (b) (c) Figure 2: Schematics of: (a) shear flow over cell/ECM/substrate structure; (b) cell structure, and (c) cell interaction with PDMS substrate.
Journal of Biological Chemistry 2008; 283: 15816–15824
Structure-Mechanical Property Changes in Nucleus arising from Breast Cancer, Cellular and Biomolecular Mechanics and Mechanobiology, Springer, USA, 2010
(a) (b) (c) Figure 2: Schematics of: (a) shear flow over cell/ECM/substrate structure; (b) cell structure, and (c) cell interaction with PDMS substrate.
Journal of Biological Chemistry 2008; 283: 15816–15824
Structure-Mechanical Property Changes in Nucleus arising from Breast Cancer, Cellular and Biomolecular Mechanics and Mechanobiology, Springer, USA, 2010
Online since: June 2018
Authors: Farit Agzamov, Abdulahat Ismailov, Aizhan Betzhanova, Asel Karabaeva, Arman Kabdushev
Subsequently, accumulation of the setting products slows down in the system, necessary for emergence of coagulative and then crystal structure in the cement suspension [17].
The cement samples after their extraction from the plant had very dense structure (Figure 10).
The cement grout had a dense structure not passing gas.
Besides, polyelectrolyte additives are able to structure and form elastic, but at the same time rather flexible systems.
Chemistry of Cement Slurries and Grouts, Saint Petersburg, Nedra, 2011
The cement samples after their extraction from the plant had very dense structure (Figure 10).
The cement grout had a dense structure not passing gas.
Besides, polyelectrolyte additives are able to structure and form elastic, but at the same time rather flexible systems.
Chemistry of Cement Slurries and Grouts, Saint Petersburg, Nedra, 2011
Online since: July 2017
Authors: Chairil Anwar, Yunia Mardianis, Winarto Haryadi
Synthesis of Curcumin Analogues Monoketone from Cinnamaldehyde and their Inhibition Assay against Alpha-Glucosidase Enzyme
YUNIA Mardianis1,a*, CHAIRIL Anwar1,b, WINARTO Haryadi1,c
1Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences,
Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl.
The structures of all products were identified by using FTIR, direct inlet-MS, 1H- and 13C-NMR spectrometers.
The chemical structure of compound B confirmed by 13C–NMR and there are 10 types of carbon which every carbon have the different environment.
Elucidating the chemical structures of compound C with 1H–NMR obtained 8 types of protons, each environment is different.
Based on the result of the overall characterization of the chemical structures that have been done, indicating that the compound C has been successfully synthesized. 1.
The structures of all products were identified by using FTIR, direct inlet-MS, 1H- and 13C-NMR spectrometers.
The chemical structure of compound B confirmed by 13C–NMR and there are 10 types of carbon which every carbon have the different environment.
Elucidating the chemical structures of compound C with 1H–NMR obtained 8 types of protons, each environment is different.
Based on the result of the overall characterization of the chemical structures that have been done, indicating that the compound C has been successfully synthesized. 1.
Online since: September 2008
Authors: Gerard Picard, Gerard Santarini, Fanny Balbaud-Célérier, Laure Martinelli
The oxide scale formed at the T91 surface has a duplex structure, constituted of an external
magnetite scale and an internal Fe-Cr spinel scale.
The structure and the nature of the oxides are in good agreement with literature for oxidation experiments in Pb-Bi [1] and in others environment (Fe-Cr steel in steam: [6][7][8] Fe-Cr steel in water: [9][10] Fe-Cr steel in CO2: [11] [12] [13]).
In this table, the structure and the nature of the oxide scales are presented together with their proposed oxidation mechanism.
Table.1 Summary of Fe-9Cr oxidation results in water, steam and Pb-Bi environment - Comparison between results of oxidation tests in Pb-Bi and in others environments Material Environment Temperature (°C) Kp cm 2/s Structure and nature scale Oxidation mechanism proposed references Fe-9Cr1Mo steam 450 1.64x10 -13 Duplex, hFe-Cr spinel≈hmagnetite Oxidizer diffuses by nano-channels Iron diffuses by grain boundary [15] Fe-9Cr steam 500 7.4x10 -13 Duplex, hFe-Cr spinel≈hmagnetite [6] Fe-9Cr1Mo steam 500 9.3x10 -14 Duplex, porous Fe-Cr spinel, compact magnetite Available space model [7] Fe-Cr water 450 ∼10-13 Duplex scale Oxidizer diffuses by nano-channels Iron diffuses by grain boundary [9] T91 Pb-Bi 470 2.5x10 -13 Duplex, hFe-Cr spinel≈hmagnetite Available space model This study In the case of Pb-Bi, according to the parabolic oxidation kinetics and to the comparison with the oxidation kinetics
J.Phys.IV France, 12 (2002) 123 [5] J-L.Courouau, P.Deloffre, R.Adriano, J.Phys.IV France, 12 (2002) 141 [6] N.J.Cory, T.M.Herrington, Oxidation of Metals, 1987, Vol 28, N°5/6, 237 [7] N.J.Cory, T.M.Herrington, Oxidation of Metals, 1988, Vol 29, N°1/2, 135 [8] J.Robertson, Corrosion Science, Vol 32, N°4, 443 [9] L.Tomlison, Corrosion -NACE, 1981, Vol 37, N°10, 591 [10] G.B.Gibbs, Oxidation of Metals, 1973, Vol7, N°3, 173 [11] M.G.C.Cox, B.McEnaney, V.D.Scott, Phil Mag, 1972, Vol 26, 839 [12] M.R.Taylor, J.M.Calvert, D.G.Lees, D.B.Meadowcroft, Oxidation of Metals, 1980, Vol 14, N°6, 499 [13] R.J.Hussey, M.J.Graham, Corrosion Science, 1981, Vol 21, N°3, 258 [14] L.Martinelli, F.Balbaud-Celerier, A.Terlain, G.Santarini, S.Delpech, M.Tabarant, J.Favergeon, G.Moulin, G.Picard To be published [15] L.Tomlison,N.J.Cory, Corrosion Science, Vol 29, 1989, N°8, 939-965 [16] P.Kofstad, Oxidation of Metals, 1985, Vol 24, N°5/6, 265 [17] Castle, Surman, the journal of Physical Chemistry
The structure and the nature of the oxides are in good agreement with literature for oxidation experiments in Pb-Bi [1] and in others environment (Fe-Cr steel in steam: [6][7][8] Fe-Cr steel in water: [9][10] Fe-Cr steel in CO2: [11] [12] [13]).
In this table, the structure and the nature of the oxide scales are presented together with their proposed oxidation mechanism.
Table.1 Summary of Fe-9Cr oxidation results in water, steam and Pb-Bi environment - Comparison between results of oxidation tests in Pb-Bi and in others environments Material Environment Temperature (°C) Kp cm 2/s Structure and nature scale Oxidation mechanism proposed references Fe-9Cr1Mo steam 450 1.64x10 -13 Duplex, hFe-Cr spinel≈hmagnetite Oxidizer diffuses by nano-channels Iron diffuses by grain boundary [15] Fe-9Cr steam 500 7.4x10 -13 Duplex, hFe-Cr spinel≈hmagnetite [6] Fe-9Cr1Mo steam 500 9.3x10 -14 Duplex, porous Fe-Cr spinel, compact magnetite Available space model [7] Fe-Cr water 450 ∼10-13 Duplex scale Oxidizer diffuses by nano-channels Iron diffuses by grain boundary [9] T91 Pb-Bi 470 2.5x10 -13 Duplex, hFe-Cr spinel≈hmagnetite Available space model This study In the case of Pb-Bi, according to the parabolic oxidation kinetics and to the comparison with the oxidation kinetics
J.Phys.IV France, 12 (2002) 123 [5] J-L.Courouau, P.Deloffre, R.Adriano, J.Phys.IV France, 12 (2002) 141 [6] N.J.Cory, T.M.Herrington, Oxidation of Metals, 1987, Vol 28, N°5/6, 237 [7] N.J.Cory, T.M.Herrington, Oxidation of Metals, 1988, Vol 29, N°1/2, 135 [8] J.Robertson, Corrosion Science, Vol 32, N°4, 443 [9] L.Tomlison, Corrosion -NACE, 1981, Vol 37, N°10, 591 [10] G.B.Gibbs, Oxidation of Metals, 1973, Vol7, N°3, 173 [11] M.G.C.Cox, B.McEnaney, V.D.Scott, Phil Mag, 1972, Vol 26, 839 [12] M.R.Taylor, J.M.Calvert, D.G.Lees, D.B.Meadowcroft, Oxidation of Metals, 1980, Vol 14, N°6, 499 [13] R.J.Hussey, M.J.Graham, Corrosion Science, 1981, Vol 21, N°3, 258 [14] L.Martinelli, F.Balbaud-Celerier, A.Terlain, G.Santarini, S.Delpech, M.Tabarant, J.Favergeon, G.Moulin, G.Picard To be published [15] L.Tomlison,N.J.Cory, Corrosion Science, Vol 29, 1989, N°8, 939-965 [16] P.Kofstad, Oxidation of Metals, 1985, Vol 24, N°5/6, 265 [17] Castle, Surman, the journal of Physical Chemistry
Online since: November 2011
Authors: Shao Li Yang, Lan Ma
The carrier is mainly used to provide cellular structure of high surface areas, and the activity is minimal in SCR reactions.
When the temperature rises to about 68˚C, the structure of VO2 will change from semiconducting into metallicity.
Xi’an Optical Research Institute and Lanzhou Physical Institute have taken advantage of photo-electricity transition property of VO2 film to attain VO2 multilayer films structure [13].
The structure could protect infrared detector effectively to prevent it from saturating or overburning when high power laser emits.
With the capacity of V2O5 at home improving continuously,the application fields of vanadium and its compounds in steel, chemistry, chemical industry, electronics, aerospace, ceramics, automobile and building materials is expanding continually.
When the temperature rises to about 68˚C, the structure of VO2 will change from semiconducting into metallicity.
Xi’an Optical Research Institute and Lanzhou Physical Institute have taken advantage of photo-electricity transition property of VO2 film to attain VO2 multilayer films structure [13].
The structure could protect infrared detector effectively to prevent it from saturating or overburning when high power laser emits.
With the capacity of V2O5 at home improving continuously,the application fields of vanadium and its compounds in steel, chemistry, chemical industry, electronics, aerospace, ceramics, automobile and building materials is expanding continually.
Online since: June 2021
Authors: Chun Feng, Li Juan Zhu, Wen Wen Song, Fang Fang Zhang
The results showed that the coating was mainly composed of (Ti,V)5Si3, NiAl and TiN, NiAl was the ordered structure of BCC.
The results showed that the coating surface had banded structures, and there were defects such as micro-cracks and unmelted particles among the banded structures.
With the change of composition gradient, the lamellar structure composed of α and β phases gradually changed to equiaxial structure.
Materials Chemistry and Physics, 2020, 240
Structure and wear resistance of laser cladding composite coating on titanium alloy surface , J.
The results showed that the coating surface had banded structures, and there were defects such as micro-cracks and unmelted particles among the banded structures.
With the change of composition gradient, the lamellar structure composed of α and β phases gradually changed to equiaxial structure.
Materials Chemistry and Physics, 2020, 240
Structure and wear resistance of laser cladding composite coating on titanium alloy surface , J.
Online since: June 2009
Authors: Fani Pinakidou, Panos Patsalas, E.C. Paloura, M. Katsikini, Gregory Abadias
The NEXAFS
spectra of the studied TiN/Cu and Ti1-xCux films are
structure less at E>Eabs.
Sundgren, Structure and properties of TiN coatings, Thin Solid Films 128 (1985) 21-44
Hodgson, X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy: A New Structural Method and Its Applications to Bioinorganic Chemistry, Prog.
Moodenbaugh, X-ray-absorption near-edge-structure study of La2x(Ba, Sr)xCuO4-y superconductors, Phys.
Albers, Ab initio curved-wave x-ray-absorption fine structure, Phys.
Sundgren, Structure and properties of TiN coatings, Thin Solid Films 128 (1985) 21-44
Hodgson, X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy: A New Structural Method and Its Applications to Bioinorganic Chemistry, Prog.
Moodenbaugh, X-ray-absorption near-edge-structure study of La2x(Ba, Sr)xCuO4-y superconductors, Phys.
Albers, Ab initio curved-wave x-ray-absorption fine structure, Phys.