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Periodicity and mismatch of materials in PC results in the phononic band gaps, where the propagation of elastic waves and vibrations is forbidden.
The range of the mass density of solid materials is 1000 kg m-3≤ρ≤20000 kg m-3, so the range of the mass density ratio is 0.05≤ρ1/ρ2≤20.
Economou:Journal of Sound and Vibration Vol. 158(1992), p.377
Mao, et al.: Science Vol. 289(2000), p.1734
Qiu: Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering (in Chinese), Vol. 42(2006), p.150

Journal of Materials Processing Technology 58(1996) 109 – 113 [2] J.P.
Journal of Composite Materials, 45(24), 2579-2586, 2011
Indian Journal of Science and Technology.
Journal of Composite Materials, 46(18), 2227-2237, 2011
Journal of Composite Materials, 46(26), 3321-3324, 2012

This method is the most economical to fabricate composites materials.
Journal of composite materials, vol.43, No.06/2009
Rohatgi, Metal matrix composites, Defense Science Journal, vol 43, No:4, Oct 1993, pp323-349
[4] Meenu Srivastava, A Srinivasan, VK William Grips Influence of Zirconica incorporation on the mechanical & chemical properties of Ni-Co alloys, American Journal of material science, 2011, 113-122
International symposium of research students on material science & engineering, Dec 20-22, 2004, Chennai

The IDFPDA was composed of the damper container that added with steel ball impacters and particle damping materials.
One condition is that there is only one impactor and particle materials are copper.
The diameters of particle materials are showed in table 2.
So did the particle materials.
IDFPDA has better adaptability both in various sizes of impactors and particle materials.

The measurement of stainless steel, aluminum and titanium alloy materials and that for materials with large grain and texture organization [3] is publicly recognized as difficulties.
Journal of Shanghai Dianji University. 2006, 9 (4): 6~10
[5] A T Fry, F A Kandil.A Study of Paramaters affecting the quality of residual stress measurements usi ng XRD [J].Materials Science Forum.2002,404~407:579~586
Development and comparison of residual stress measurement on welds by various methods[J].Materials Science and Technology.2004,20:261~269
[9] GAO Yu-kui.Microstructure changes and residual stresses of each phase caused by shot peening in 304 austenitic stainless steel [J].Journal of aeronautical materials.2004,24(4):18~21.

Fig.5 Structure of new-type intelligent industrial robot hand material Conclusions (1) By means of vacuum auxiliary molding method, the robot hand which is made of new-type of carbon fiber reinforced composite material, can achieve more than 35% reduction in weight compared with the hand weight made of common steel with the same size in the condition of maintaining the same strength of materials
Huazhong University of Science and Technology press,Wuhan (1997)
Huazhong University of Science and Technology press, Wuhan (1996)
Aerospace Materials & Technology. 5, (2010), 1-3,17
Journal of Changchun University of Technology ( Nature Science Edition). 4, 27 (2006), 286-289

When a shell composed with two materials, the material parameters are defined as the Young’s modulus, Poisson ratioand the mass density, respectively.
Tab.2 Properties of functionally graded materials Properties outer materials inner materials Stainless steel Ti-6Al-4V Si3N4 Zirconia (N/m²) 0.317756 0.2981 0.24 0.3 (kg/m³) 8166 4429 2370 5700 The variations of critical pressures of FG cylindrical shells with various boundary conditions are presented in Fig.1.
International Journal of Mechanical Sciences. 44 (7), 1259-1273
European Journal of Mechanics -A /Solids. 27(6), 1075-1087
International Journal of Non-Linear Mechanics. 2002, 37(4-5): 577–588

The crack tip field in functionally graded piezoelectric materials (FGPMs) under mechanical and electrical loadings is studied.
Different from previous analyses, all material properties of the functionally graded piezoelectric materials are assumed to be linear function of y perpendicular to the crack.
Introduction Functionally graded piezoelectric materials (FGPMs) are composites with continuously varying properties that have significant advantages over discretely layered materials.
Chue: International Journal of Solids and Structures.
Chue: Journal of the Chinese Institute of Engineers.

Adsorption materials for of phenolic wastewater treatment have been reviewed, including adsorption resin, activated carbon, biological adsorption materials, adsorption materials and new materials.
Dou, et al. [8] adopted peanut shell as raw materials to produce activated carbon with good adsorption ability to phenols.
Zhang: Journal of Colloid and Interface Science Vol. 364 (2011), p. 462-468
Dou, et al.: Journal of Changshu Institute Technology（Natural Sciences）(In Chinese)Vol. 25(2011), p. 47-51。
Gao: Journal of Hazardous Materials Vol. 152(2008), p.186-1191.

Along with the rapid development of highway, regenerated materials are used more frequently in highway engineering.
China Journal of Highway and Transport. 2009 (03) In Chinese [2] Cui Wenshe, Tao Jing, Zhang Zhengqi, Li Honghua.
Journal of Chang’an University (Natural Sciences Edition). 2009 (04).
Cold Regions Science and Technology . 2011 [5] Chen Xiangyi, Wu Jian.
Construction and Building Materials . 2013 [7] Kaloush K E,Witczak M W.Tertiary flow characteristics of asphalt mixtures.