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The Molecular Dynamic Simulation has been used [11] to explain the phase diagram, structure factor etc of PbSn liquid alloys.
𝜕𝑇 From standard thermodynamic relation [13], the enthalpy (or heat) of mixing for a binary liquid alloy is given by HM = + T SM On using equations (1) and (7), one can obtain (8) 2.2 Structure Properties The structure functions i.e. concentration fluctuations, 𝑆𝐶𝐶(0) [18] as well as Warren-Cowley [19,20] short-range order parameter, α1 provide the microscopic information on the nature as well as the degree of local order of atoms existing in the binary liquid systems.
Chen, ABNORMAL SOLIDIFICATION OF Pb-Sn ALLOY INDUCED BY LIQUID STRUCTURE TRANSITION, Kovove Mater. 43: 432-439, (2005) [4] R.Hultgren , P.D.
Moelwyn-Hughes, Physical Chemistry, Pergamon Press, (1961) [29] G.K.

Electricidad y Electrónica, Barrio de Sarriena S/N, Leioa, Vizcaya 48940, Spain 2 The Richard Stockton College of NJ, Department of Chemistry, PO Box 195, Pomona, NJ 08240 USA 3 Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Materials Science, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA a bcpfemoj@ehu.es, b marc.richard@stockton.edu, c weblaarp@lg.ehu.es, d jon@we.lc.ehu.es, e manub@we.lc.ehu.es, f smallen@mit.edu, g bobohand@mit.edu Keywords: Ferromagnetic Shape Memory Alloys, Composites, Mechanical Energy Absorption, Xray Diffraction, Neutron Diffraction.
Lindroos: In Smart Structures and Materials.
In Smart Structures and Materials Proceedings of SPIE Vol. 4333 (2001), p.151
Lagoudas, editor, Proceedings of SPIE Smart Structures and Materials 2004: Active Materials: Behavior and Mechanics Vol. 5387 (2004), p.177
In Smart Structures and Materials.

Research method and structure Digital teaching material design steps.
Procedure chart of digital teaching material design Research structure and evaluation design.
According to researching purpose and science literature discuss, and bring up this research’s structure based on reused material as teaching goal.
Research structure chart.
References [1] Akcay, H., Feyzioglu, B., and Tuysuz, C., “The effects of computer simulations on students' success and attitudes in teaching chemistry,” Educational Sciences: Theory & Practice, Vol. 3, No. 1, pp. 20-26, 2003

The pollutant emission should be reduced by means of eliminating backward productivity, adjusting structure and layout of industries, and controlling pollution sources in depth to effectively improve the regional environmental air quality.
The CMAQ modeling system contains three types of modeling components: a meteorological modeling system for the description of atmospheric states and motions, emission models for man-made and natural emissions that are injected into the atmosphere, and a chemistry-transport modeling system for simulation of the chemical transformation and fate [2-9].
Adjusting structure and layout of industries.All the cities of Chengdu Economic Circle should reasonably adjust the structure and layout of industries according to its own development orientation.
The atmospheric environmental capacity of Ziyang, Deyang, and Meishan is relatively low, so these cities can control the “structure-type” environmental pollution and waste of resources and energy sources through reasonable layout, adjustment and optimization of economical structure and industries/products structure.
The pollutant emission must be reduced by means of eliminating backward production capacity, adjusting structure and layout of industries, and controlling pollution sources in depth to effectively improve the regional environmental air quality.

These properties make geopolymers an alternative material to cement in areas such as bridges, coatings, hydraulic and military structures [21-23].
They also evaluated the blended alkali system's gel structure.
Fouad, Using slurry infiltrated fiber concrete as new technique in repairing of defected concrete structures, The American Academic Research Institute In Iraq, 2018
Brouwers, Evaluation of hybrid steel fiber reinforcement in high performance geopolymer composites, Materials and Structures, vol. 50, no. 2, 2017, doi: https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-017-1030-x
Oğuzhan Yavuz Bayraktar, Ahmet Benli b, Fuat Koksal, Mesut Türkoğlu, Gökhan Kaplan Sustainable one-part alkali activated slag/fly ash Geo-SIFCOM containing recycled sands: Mechanical, flexural, durability and microstructural properties, Sustainable Chemistry and Pharmacy, vol. 36, 2023, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scp.2023.101319

SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy) Surface morphology analysis of biodegradable plastic was carried out using SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy) to determine the surface structure, cracks, surface smoothness of biodegradable plastic with the best elongation value with porang starch with starch concentration: 30% chitosan: 70% with 100% glycerol plasticizer.
At a magnification of 500 times the SEM results describe the surface structure of the biodegradable plastic quite evenly, the overall black color indicates the combination of starch, chitosan, and glycerol has mixed well.
The cause of the crack is because the higher the drying temperature affects the surface structure of the biodegradable plastic and the faster it evaporates and dries.
The results of the microstructural characterization of biodegradable plastic obtained SEM results show that the surface structure is quite even with a black color which indicates the combination of starch, chitosan, and glycerol is mixed well.
Gorbatyuk, Extraction and development of starch-based bioplastics from Prosopis Juliflora Plant: Eco-friendly and sustainability aspects, International Journal of Current Research ini Green and Sustainable Chemistry 5 (2022) 100296

In this case, a fully amorphous structure is expected without local inhomogeneities on the nano-scale [21].
Only a broad halo without any evidence of crystalline peaks was observed, in the bottom part of the as-cast sample, indicating that it consists of a fully amorphous structure.
However, with the increase of diameter of the cone, some sharp crystalline peaks corresponding to M23C6 phases are superimposed to the main halo, implying that the samples has a partially amorphous structure.
On the contrary, all samples obtained in the same conditions for the Fe50Cr15Mo14C15B6 alloy show sharp crystalline peaks, suggesting fully crystallized structures.
Hutchings, in: Chemistry and Physics of �anostructures and related �on-Equilibrium Materials, edited by E.

Our previous study further proved that the TiO2 nanotubes (100nm) combined with appropriate micro-structure can significantly enhance surface blood compatibility and cytocompatibility simultaneously [22, 23].
The crystal structures of the micro/nano surface before and after annealing at 450 oC were identified by X-ray diffraction (XRD, X’ Pert ProMPD) [36].
In summary, all the results demonstrated that the micro/nano composite structures made effect on the surface mechanical property, and the micro/nano surfaces possessed potential application for cardiovascular devices.
Jr, Low-Temperature Synthesis of Copper(II) Sulfide Quantum Dot Decorated TiO2 Nanotubes and Their Photocatalytic Properties, Journal of Physical Chemistry C 115 (2011) 6175–6180
Pu, Fabrication of two-layer nanotubes with the pear-like structure by an in-situ voltage up anodization and the application as a drug delivery platform, Journal of Alloys and Compounds 647 (2015) 590-595

Another reason may be adding zeolite which contain (Silica and alumina) that make up the majority of the crystalline, porous mineral materials that has the ability to retain water, exchange ions , stabilize pH level in neutral to slightly alkaline soils or moderately raise the pH of acidic soils by acting as a pH buffer and eliminate heavy metal mobility [23, 24] or could related to , addition of humic acid that improve nutrient availability, soil structure , the efficiency of nutrient uptake [23] and microbial community structure[22].
Probably because the ability of zeolite to exchange ions and its crystalline porous structure, which allows sodium ions to be trapped.
Figure 9 shows magnesium levels in several combinations as declared in (table 1) were decreased compared with control samples to reach the lowest concentration (7.8 mg/L) in treatments with zeolite and humic acid concentrations, and particularly when combined with wood vinegar (H+Z+W.V.) have showed the greatest reduction in magnesium availability because of the efficiently of zeolite in immobilize magnesium inside its porous structure and role of humic acid by decreasing the solubility of magnesium via forming organ-metallic complexes whereas wood vinegar does not keep magnesium available, however it may be at initial period make it more soluble [33-35].
Stevenson, Humus Chemistry: Genesis, Composition, Reactions, 2nd Edition (New York: Wiley), 1994, p 267

The synthesis of this polymer can produce a variety of “one-dimensional” morphologies, like rectangular structures [5], nanotubes [6], nanofibers[1, 7], micromats [7],or even nanodisks [7], which made them unique materials for specific device application.
This peak is interpreted as C–N+• stretching vibration in the polaron structure [22, 24].
Another absorption peak is observed at around 1148 cm-1 which is assigned to the vibration mode of –NH+= structure produced during protonation.
Maeda, Controlling the structure and morphology of ZnS nanoparticles by manipulating the temperature profile, Anyagtudomany Materials Science (2011) 52-56
Xue, In situ chemical oxidative graft polymerization of aniline from silica nanoparticles, Materials Chemistry and Physics 87 (2004) 109–113.