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The synthesized materials, often with non-equilibrium structures, include, among others, crystalline materials with nanometer-sized grains, with a typical average size of about 10 nm.
A high pressure and high temperature phase of TiO2, namely TiO2-II with the α-PbO2 type structure, is transiently formed during room-temperature high-energy ball-milling of anatase: TiO2 anatase → TiO2-II →TiO2 rutile [9-13].
It is a method of crystal structure refinement, which compares a calculated X-ray pattern to an experimental one, allowing the determination of the weight fractions of the various phases in the investigated powder [11, 14, 15].
The surface chemistry of ground powders has to be further investigated to characterize the nature of these surface modifications, for instance changes of the coordinences of superficial Ti atoms, that are evidenced in the present work.

The small pores which are the structure of the cellulose of the ketapang seed coat indicate that there are bonds in the form of cellulose OH ions which can cause the adsorption process to occur.
Activated charcoal has a large pore structure and surface area which allows it to absorb and bind heavy metal ions such as Pb2+ effectively.
East Kalimantan: Volume 1 Issue 1. (2017) [12] Marjenah M, The Role of Structure Canopy of Terminalia Catappa Linn. on Light Penetration and Decreasing Ambient Temperature as Climate Change Mitigation, Januari (2021) [13] Harun Al Rasyid, Rahmad Nasir, Kinetika Reaksi Transesterifikasi Minyak Biji Ketapang (Terminalia Catappa L) Pada Proses Produksi Metil Ester, Jurnal Pijar Mipa, Vol. 14, No. 1 (2020) 77-87 [14] Baskara, Jandhel.
Malang. (2017) [15] Diana Rinawati, Barlian B, Ghina T, Identifikasi Kadar Timbal (Pb) Dalam Darah Pada Petugas Operator Spbu 34-42115 Kota Serang, Jurnal Medikes, Vol. 7, No. 1 (2020) 1-8 [16] Ilnicka A., Kamedulski P, Aly H, Manufacture of Activated Carbons Using Egyptian Wood Resources and its Application in Oligothiophene Dye Adsorption, Arabian Journal of Chemistry, Vol. 13, No. 5 (2020) 5284-5291 [17] Mutiara, Tintin dkk.

Due to the material's polycrystalline ceramic structure, it is commonly utilized in bone and bioengineering applications, as well as medication delivery and dental implant applications [6,8].
This analysis enables the measurement of the infrared radiation absorption of the sample versus wavelength as the bands to identify the molecular components and structure.
For the HAP structure, the FTIR peaks of HAP synthesized from eggshells are reported.
Journal of Materials Chemistry, 10(8), 1835-1840

The size of these particles was strongly influenced by the pH that the copper acetate gave to the initial solution, and the pH influenced the chemistry of the aerogel-producing process.
It is also found that a broad diffraction peak appears at about 26o for the Cu-doped carbon aerogels, suggesting some graphite-like carbon structure has been formed during the carbonization process catalyzed by the metallic copper.
Fig. 5 N2 sorption isotherms (a) and the corresponding DFT pore size distributions (b) of carbon aerogels Table 2 Porous structure parameters of samples Samples SBET (m2/g) V<2nm (cm3/g) Vmes (cm3/g) Cu-C-0 Cu-C-0.1 519.9 138.6 0.055 0.042 0.224 0.066 Cu-C-0.15 298.7 0.098 0.026 Cu-C-0.2 826.2 0.292 0.114 Cu-C-0.25 402.3 0.226 0 Cu-C-0.3 228.5 0.125 0.013 Detailed characteristics of the pore structure of the obtained carbon aerogels are presented in Table 2.

Interdiffusion in the fcc structured Al-Co-Cr-Fe-Ni high entropy alloy has been studied experimentally as well as numerically in [2] for several diffusion couples.
Yeh, Interdiffusion in the FCC-structured Al-Co-Cr-Fe-Ni high entropy alloys: experimental studies and numerical simulations, Journal of Alloys and Compounds, vol. 674, pp. 455-462, 2016
Murch, Analysis of diffusion in high entropy alloys, Materials Chemistry and Physics, 2017
Murch, Test of the validity of the Darken/Manning relation for diffusion in ordered alloys taking the L12 structure, Philosophical Magazine A, vol. 78, no. 5, pp. 1085-1092, 1998

Furthermore, polypropylene (PP), a popular thermoplastic belonging to the polyolefin family [12], has a linear structure that enables it to be melted and remolded several times [13].
It appears that the circular-shaped particle's pack-like structure could provide them with a highly preserved rigidity for useful application in reinforcing composite materials.
Consequently, there was an obvious agreement between grain size measurements revealed by SEM and TEM techniques for the structure and morphological characterization of both NDPP and NTiO2P.
El-Shafey, “New click chemistry scheme towards improvement of filler/polymer crosslinking in bio-based polymer composites,” Polym.

For samples subjected to beta heat treatment, no significant anisotropy was observed in the mechanical properties, which was explained by the change from an elongated and preferentially oriented prior beta grain macrostructure to an equiaxed and isotropic structure during beta heat treatment (Fig. 4).
The significant decrease in the tensile ductility to ~ 6-7 %, observed for the beta heat treated samples, with constantly high tensile and yield strengths, was explained by the coarse-grained structure of these samples [24].
Planell, Formation of alpha-Widmanstätten structure: effects of grain size and cooling rate on the Widmanstätten morphologies and on the mechanical properties in Ti6Al4V alloy, Journal of Alloys and Compounds 329 (2001) 142-152
Carron, Beta to alpha transformation kinetics and microstructure of Ti-6Al-4V alloy during continuous cooling, Materials Chemistry and Physics 181 (2016) 462-469

This biopolymer adsorbent has a large surface area, excellent mechanical stiffness, changeable surface chemistry, high porosity, and regeneration under mild conditions [6].
Another study by Ni'mah et al. showed that adding plasticizers such as glycerol, PEG 400, and PEG200 to PLLA gave a porous morphological structure of PLLA [14].
Cellulose bead from CA indeed has a porous structure and has not been widely studied for its use as an adsorbent [15].
Additionally, it is clear from Fig. 1(b) that they have an odd structure and no discernible pattern.

The Study of Betulin Particles Containing Hydrogels Prepared by Antisolvent Precipitation Aigars Paze1,a*, Sanita Vitolina1,b, Rudolfs Berzins1,c, Janis Rizhikovs1,d, Raimonds Makars1,e, Daniela Godina1,f, Arturs Teresko2,g 1Latvian State Institute of Wood Chemistry, 27 Dzerbenes street, LV-1006, Riga, Latvia 2ZS DOKTUS, 22 Pavila street, LV-4101, Cesis, Latvia aaigars.paze@kki.lv, bsanita.vitolina@kki.lv, crudis.berzins@gmail.com, djanis.rizikovs@kki.lv, eraimonds.makars@kki.lv, fdaniela.godina@kki.lv, garturs_teresko@inbox.lv Keywords: Betulin, antisolvent precipitation, supramolecular hydrogel, particle size Abstract.
Due to the chemical structure of triterpenes, they have not only biological activities useful for the treatment of human health, but also the ability to spontaneously self-assembling in a certain three-dimensional network arranged structure and to form a supramolecular gel from micro-, nano-sized particles in different liquid mediums by means of intermolecular non-covalent interactions, which has attracted a great interest from scientists in recent years [5].
Yin, Hydrogel: Diversity of structures and applications in food science.

This mining method will leave soil recesses that will be waterlogged which in turn change the soil structure and surface water.
The impacts of AMD to ecosystem are significant because its structure will change rapidly and totally.
These ions can be exchanged with other ions easily without affecting the clay mineral structures [5].
Sulaeman, The Pattern of Heavy Metals Distribution in Time Chronosequence of Ex-Tin Mining Ponds in Bangka Regency, Indonesia‟, Indonesian Journal of Chemistry 19(1) (2019) 254–261. doi: 10.22146/ijc.33613