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Influence of Electrochemical Etching Parameters on morphology of porous silicon LIU Lan1,a, XUE Yan1,b, REN Xiaoming1,c,XIE Ruizhen1,d 1Science and Technology on Applied Physical Chemistry Laboratory, Shaanxi Applied Physics-Chemistry Research Institute, ZhuQue Avenue No.213, Xi’an 710061, China a383131204@qq.com ,bxueyan213@163.com,crxm-2003@163.com,dXieruizhen@126.com Keywords: porous silicon;electrochemical etching method;gradient etching Abstract:In order to protect porous silicon from break and enhance it’s porosity and specific surface area, porous silicon is prepared with electrochemical etching method.
The porosity and specfic surface area are improved. 1.Introduction Uniformity and surface morphology of porous silicon structure is the main factor to its performance.Electrochemical etching of porous silicon is easy to repeat in laboratory, and its apparatus is simple.
It shows a sponge-like structure.Compared with the three gradient etching method, the holes of porous silicon etched by five gradient etching method distribute uniformly.
The section structure of porous silicon is different from its surface, and it shows a disorderly and branch-like structure.

Fabrication of a novel catalyst support with hierarchical pore structure Xuejun Zhang 1, a 1 Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Chemistry and Applying Liaoning Province, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China a xjzhang_syict@163.com Keywords: zeolite; macroporous silica; hierarchical pore structure, Abstract.
The obtained support is expected to possess hierarchical pore structure comprising of (1) intrinsic pore of TS-1, (2) intercrystalline mesopores by packing of TS-1 and (3) residual macropores of silica gel after the occupation of TS-1, accomplishing the inter-connected trimodal porosity.
As a porous TS-1 structure forms inside the large pores of silica gel Q-100, the pore volume of the TPCS decreases from 0.92 mL/g for Q-100 to 0.35 mL/g derived from HK method.
Lattice fringe of MFI structure can be clearly observed in a HRTEM image with one wormhole-like in Fig. 3c proving the highly ordered crystalline property.
Summary It is clearly demonstrated that the TPCS with hierarchical pore structure has been hydrothermally synthesized by building-up nanoparticles of TS-1 inside the macroporous matrices.

Water Structure in Proteins in Solid State Studied by Near Infrared Spectroscopy Siraporn Soonthonhut1, 2, a and Alfred A.
Water adsorption in proteins is the crucial process of protein folding and structure stabilizing.
Generally, there are three categories of water that associated with protein structure.
Interestingly, β-pleated sheet protein shows the significantly faster adsorption rate than protein that contain α-helix structure.
Buning-Pfaue: Food Chemistry Vol.82 (2003), p.107-115

The morphology and structure of the TNTs and the PdTNTs/Ti catalyst were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM).
It can be seen that the sample of TNTs/Ti10 (Fig.1.a) anodized for 10 min presents no nanotubular structure formed.
After an additional 20 min oxidation, the porous structure starts to convert into a nanotubular structure at some surface sites (Fig.1.b).
The TNTs structure could be obtained with Ti anodized for 40min, and the tube length increased with anodic oxidation time.
Acknowledgements The authors acknowledge the support from Shanghai Postdoctoral Sustentation Fund (Grant No.07R214117); the State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry Synthesis Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology; the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, East China Normal University.

The Distorted Oxygen Octahedron with Transition Elements in LiNi0.75Co0.15Mn0.1O2 Yijie Gu 1, 2,a, Yunbo Chen3, Hongquan Liu 1, Cuiling Wang1, Xiaowen Huang1, Henghui Zhou 4, Zhen Guo 1, Yong Hu 1 1College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266510, China 2Dept. of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA 3Advanced Manufacture Technology Center, China Academy of Machinery Science and Technology, Beijing 100044, China 4College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871 aguyijiezhao@163.com Keywords: LiNi0.75Co0.15Mn0.1O2; the shape of oxygen octahedron; Rietveld Refinement.
LiNi0.75Co0.15Mn0.1O2 was prepared by solid state reaction and its crystal structure was studied by Rietveld Refinement.
In LiMnxCoyNizO2 layered structure, Li and transition elements occupy the center of oxygen octahedron.
Depending on different valence electronic structures and spin states, oxygen octahedron distortion may occur.
O1-M-O2 is 93.45 °and O2-M-O3 is 86.55° in LiNi0.75Co0.15Mn0.1O2 structure.

By means of changing the cationic polyacrylamide macromolecule structure[4-7], the disadvantage of CPAM above was overcame, and its flocculating properties improved apparently.
The structure of CPAM-g-CHP is shown in schema 1.
And Schema 2 is the structure of the product.
Schema 1 Grafting modification of CPAM with CHP Schema 2 The structure of the product Study on Synthesis Conditions of CPAM-g-CHP.
Russian Journal of Applied Chemistry, Vol. 82 (2009), p 2027 [3] Sagar Pal, D.

There are cubic (c-ZrO2), tetragonal (t-ZrO2) and monoclinic (m-ZrO2) phase three different crystal structures of zirconia (ZrO2) in normal atmosphere and different temperatures.
In the three different crystal structures, t-ZrO2 has the best performance for ceramic dental materials.
Fig. 1 is the crystal structure of ZrO2.
O Zr Fig. 1 Crystal structure of ZrO2 There are three different crystal structures of ZrO2 in normal atmosphere and different temperatures, i.e. c-ZrO2, t-ZrO2 and m-ZrO2 phase.
In the three different crystal structures, t-ZrO2 nano-particles has the best performance for ceramic dental materials.

Comparison of various electroless nickel coatings on steel: structure, hardness and abrasion resistance.
Several electroless nickel deposits, on steel substrate, of varying chemistry were investigated in the as-plated and heat-treated condition: 3 nickel-phosphorous (low, mid and high P) and 2 nickel-boron (nickel-boron (lead) and nickel-boron (thallium)).
The structure of the nickel-boron deposits was investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), with a Siemens D500 X-rays θ–2θ apparatus applying Co Kα (1,79 Ǻ).
Surface observation of the coatings by SEM (figure 1) shows the typical cauliflower-like texture [1,17,21,22 ] for electroless nickel-boron coatings, with a finer columnar structure for NiB-Pb.
Conclusion Five electroless nickel coatings, with varying chemistry, deposited on auto-body steel substrates, were characterized.

This indicates that the sample has a mesoporous structure.
Meanwhile, the material Mg-TiO2 shows both the amorphous state structure and the crystalline state structure.
But the surface structure of the material Mg-TiO2 is difference from that of TiO2.
Wang, Sn doped nano-TiO2 mesoporous materials synthesized by Chemical self-assembly and its photocatalytic property, Science in China Ser: B Chemistry (in Chinese), 35 (2005)206-211
Research progress in TiO2 photocatalytic reaction mechanism and kinetics, Progress in Chemistry, 14 (2002) 192-199.

According to the concepts in propellant chemistry, two idealized reactions during the synthesis can be written as follows [6]: 16Y(NO3)3+0.92Zr(NO3)4+5CO(NH2)2=0.08Y2O3+0.92ZrO2+5CO2+10H2O+7.08N2 (1) 6Ni(NO3)2+10CO(NH2)2=6NiO+10CO2+20H2O+16N2
The samples with Ni/YSZ ratio of 2/1 and 5/2 as shown in Fig.2 (a), (b) clearly show that Ni particles had embedded into YSZ phase, and YSZ phase had formed a continuous network structure.
In other words, the conduction of Ni- YSZ was dominated by the motion of electrons, and Ni phase had also formed, to a certain extent, a continuous network structure.
So, both Ni and YSZ formed continuous network structures, respectively.
The microstructure of Ni-YSZ cermets reveals that both Ni and YSZ phases may form, respectively, to a certain extent, a continuous network structure with appropriate Ni contents.