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When adding 20% iron grains, due to the large size of iron grains, with the gas flow quantity added from the bottom increasing, the binding force between the iron grains gradually weakened.
When adding 20% iron grains, the movement structure of gas quenched slag steel and iron grains in the bubbling state is the simplest because of the balance of force.
When the material is added with 20% iron grains, the average size of grain composition increases, and the porosity of material layer increases.
Remf = [C12+C2Ar] 1/2-C1 (1) Remf —critical reynolds number; C1=33.7; C2=0.0408.
If the layer thickness is 300mm, the critical fluidization pressure difference between before adding iron grains and after adding iron grains is about 1kPa.

Crop yield is affected by many environmental factors, ultimately depended on three elements, including ear number per unit area, grains per ear and 1000-grain weight.
And 1000-grain weight was decreased by 17.95 % and 15.08%.The number of grains per ear was the guarantee for high yield of corn.
Although ear number on middle sowing date was higher than that on early and late sowing date, which could’t make an impact on the effect of the interaction of ear number and 1000-grain weight.
The number of grains per ear and 1000-grain weight decreased systematically with the density increased.
So timely sowing increased ear number and 1000-grain weight, which was the primary cause if the remarkable increase of corn yield.

Composites under study (N is the number of Nb filaments).
They were identified according to the EDPs as intermetallic Ti6Sn5 particles, but on the whole the number of these particles in Samples 1 and 2 is negligible.
In Fig. 4c a remarkable grain size scatter is observed, fine grains neighboring with much coarser ones.
Compared to the previous samples, a greater number of second-phase particles are observed (indicated with arrows in Fig. 4c).
The number of these particles is not very great and not enough for the pinning force enhancement, but Nb3Sn grains in the vicinity of these particles grow coarser.

“top-down” systems of the grain refinement process.
In the present work, the initial material shows a uniform and quasi-polygonal grain structure with a mean grain size of 12 mm (Fig.1).
Results and Discussion Although the effect of precipitation on microalloyed steels' mechanical response has been studied by a number of scientists [15,16], limited research has been performed so far on the role of fine second phase particles and solid solution strengthening of UFG structures.
EBSD grain boundary maps of the specimens after AAD+WD+WF; near surface –a); centre – b).
Kirchheim, Grain coarsening inhibited by solute segregation, Acta Mater. 50 (2002) 413-419

Microstructural observations revealed that this alloy consisted of fine equiaxed grains and a large number of RE-containing precipitates.
The grain size was fairly small in comparison with the RE-free Mg alloys, such as AZ31 and AM30 [4,7].
It was reported that grain size had a significant effect on the tendency of twinning since the energy required to form twin interfaces was particularly high in the fine-grained Mg alloy [8].
Fig. 4(a) shows the evolution of stress amplitudes as a function of the number of cycles at different applied strain amplitudes on a semi-log scale.
Jiang, Grain refining mechanism in Mg-9Gd-4Y alloys by zirconium, Mater.

The precipitate coarsening creates precipitate free zones (PFZs) near the material’s grain boundary that causes a difference in corrosion potentials between the grain boundary and the body of the grain [1].
However, there have been examples where IGC has progressed along an angled grain boundary, then continued along another longitudinal grain boundary [5-6].
Due to it being an extrusion, the grain structure is highly directional with very thin, pancake shaped grains.
Corrosion Path Generation Model: In this stage a number of simulated corrosions paths are created using a model based on the Monte Carlo method. 2.
This model was run and analyzed a number of times with different input conditions (for corrosion length and probability of turning) to test the effect of IGC length and vertical path deviation on the resulting stress concentration.

These structures show the penetration of the Goss grain into the grain boundary between the two neighboring grains.
The percentage of low angle grain boundaries between the Goss and the island grains is much higher than that between the Goss and the neighboring grains, indicating that the grains having a low angle grain boundary with the Goss grain tend to be trapped as island grains.
The low mobility grain boundary cannot keep abreast with other fast migrating grain boundaries of the Goss grain.
If the island grains form by solid-state wetting, Goss grains appear to grow dominantly by solid-state wetting since the number of island grains is so large.
Type I refers to the penetrated grain boundary formed by the two neighboring grains and the type II refers to the two grain boundaries formed by the penetrating Goss grain and two neighboring grains.

The grain subdivision occurs with the appearance of many low angle grain boundaries.
The Miller indices are not perfectly orthogonal between ED and ND because the nearest integral numbers are used for them.
From the result of pole figure and the ODFs, one can see that the texture varies significantly with the number of ECAE passes.
The grain subdivision occurs with the appearance of many low angle grain boundaries. 2.
Ultrafine-grained materials III.

Currently, a large number of efforts have been done to investigate the FSW of aluminum alloys.
The HAZ remains the same grain structure as the BM and the grain has a certain extent of coarsening with respect to the BM as is shown in Fig. 1(e) &Fig. 1(b).
The TMAZ experienced plastic deformation with a certain extent of strain hardening effect and the number of MgZn2 increases while the number of AlCuMg decreases.
In the HAZ, the number of the MgZn2 increases and the number of the AlCuMg decrease further, respectively.
When the rotational speed is 800r/min, the number of MgZn2 decreases while the number of AlCuMg increases, as is shown in Fig. 7 (b).

Grain interaction tensor.
The grain interaction tensor Υ embodies the elastic coupling mechanism among grains.
Effects of grain shape.
A stress analysis was first performed by considering four grain interaction mechanisms (so far neglecting any grain shape effect).
An interesting feature of the software is the possibility, given the relatively low number of fit (i.e. adjustable) parameters, to carry out a detailed error analysis.