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Formation of the surface layer with improved tribological properties on austenitic stainless steel by alloying with REE using HIPPB Sartowska Bożena1,a, Barlak Marek2,b, Waliś Lech3,c, Senatorski Jan4,d, Starosta Wojciech5,e 1Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Dorodna 16 str., 03-195 Warsaw, Poland 2National Centre for Nuclear Research (NCBJ), 7 Andrzeja Sołtana Str., 05-400 Otwock/Świerk, Poland 3Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Dorodna 16 str., 03-195 Warsaw, Poland 4Institute of Precision Mechanics, Duchnicka 3, 01-796 Warsaw, Poland 5Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Dorodna 16 str., 03-195 Warsaw, Poland ab.sartowska@ichtj.waw.pl, bmarek.barlak@ncbj.gov.pl, cl.walis@ichtj.waw.pl, djsen@imp.edu.pl, ew.starosta@ichtj.waw.pl Keywords: rapid solidification, re-melting techniques, alloying, HIPPB, austenitic steel, tribological properties, REE.
This process is useful to obtain very fine structure with uniform properties [1, 2, 3, 4].
GXRD spectra for initial and modified material analysis confirm the presence of FCC phase - austenitic structure with Fm-3m symmetry, Fig. 4.
In the case of HIPPB modified material peaks characteristic for FCC structure confirm that after alloying with REE austenitic phases are present in the surface layer of steel.
This result can be explained by very high cooling rate when rapid solidification frozen the austenitic structures.

Coplanar structure of a PANI film for the current-voltage measurements.
Sensitivities (in mA/cm2/kGy) at different voltages applied to the coplanar structure of PANI film.
Radiation Physics and Chemistry 76 (2007) 1302–1307
Radiation Physics and Chemistry 80 (2011) 153–158
Radiation Physics and Chemistry 67 (2003).

At the other hand, the structure after grafting can avoid the formation of polyester droplet during combustion process.
Panova: Fibre Chemistry, Vol. 38 (2006) No.1, p.46
Naganovskii: Fibre Chemistry, Vol. 37 (2005) No.3, p.193
Kozinda: Fibre Chemistry, Vol. 35 (2003) No.1, p.43
Zecchina: Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry, Vol. 199 (2008) No.1, p.64

This procedure gives information about the chemistry and surface of these fine ceramics material that would be applied like excipient in medications to control the drug delivery and plasmatic concentrations in optimal conditions.
The structure of pseudoboehmite is similar to the structure of boehmite and they have similar peak positions of their diffraction patterns.
Boehmite has the same structure as lepidocrocite (γ -FeO-(OH)).
According to Moroz et al[3], the changes in the local structure of layers of pseudoboehmite structure seem to be due to the formation of new bonds between the molecules of water and ions of the layers.
The pseudoboehmite structure[3].

The influences of applied voltage on the formation of TiO2 nanotube structure and the photoelectrochemical properties of the DSSCs were also investigated.
Nanotubes structures without debris started to dominate the surface when applied potential was raised to 20 V.
The effect of the anodizing cell configuration on the TiO2 nanotube structure was investigated.
Lan, Dye sensitized solar cells using freestanding TiO2 nanotube arrays on FTO substrate as photoanode, Materials Chemistry and Physics. 125.3 (2011) 612-616
Xu, Large-scale, noncurling, and free-standing crystallized TiO2 nanotube arrays for dye-sensitized solar cells, The Journal of Physical Chemistry C. 113.15 (2009) 6310-6314

PEG is a polyelectrolyte dissolved in the solution that makes a viscous solution due to the interaction with the solvent, which is commonly predicted and known in terms of the laws of measuring (physical structure-molar mass) by light scattering and chromatographic as well as viscosity descriptions [10-18].
Principles of polymer chemistry.
Physical chemistry of macromolecules: basic principles and issues. 2nd ed.
Physical chemistry of macromolecules: macro to nanoscales.
Oxford Chemistry Primers, Oxford University Press (2000).

Non-thermotropic VO2(B) phase is semiconducting and has a layered structure.
At such low heating temperature, the water in the V2O5 structure is not released.
The annealing of G1 and G2 samples occurred at temperatures which are sufficient to dehydrate the structure.
This XRD with preferred (00l) orientation shows that this phase exhibits a good layered structure.
Kenanakis, et.al, Materials Chemistry and Physics 124 (2010) p. 319 [7] P.

The crystal structure of the TiO2 nanotubes was analyzed by XRD with Cu Kα radiation (Bruker D8, Bruker GmbH, Germany).
Liu, Journal of Materials Chemistry, 20 (2010) 5993-6008
Grimes, Journal of Materials Chemistry, 21 (2011) 13429-13433
Dékány, Chemistry of Materials, 19 (2007) 4811-4819
Fung, Materials Chemistry and Physics, 130 (2011) 1227-1231

Structure elucidation has been confirmed through IR, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR spectroscopies.
Various methods of synthesis have been developed in order to achieve the synthesis of 1,2,3-triazoles derivative compounds which are effective, efficient, and supporting green chemistry.
Scheme of synthesis reactions and structure of products were presented on Figure 1: Fig. 1 Scheme of synthesis reactions for benzyl azide 1 and ethyl-1-benzyl-5-methyl-1H-1,2,3-triazoles-4-carboxylate 2.
All of the spectrometry methods used (IR, MS and NMR) confirmed the structure of the products.
Compound 2 has ability to inhibit corrosion due to its planar structure, the presence of electron donating groups of N and O atoms, as well as having the hydrophobic groups on its ethyl and benzyl groups.

Synthesis of CdTe and CdTe/CdS core-shell quantum dots and their optical properties Juanjuan Lu1,a, Shenguang Ge1,b, Fuwei Wan1,c and Jinghua Yu1,d* 1Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fluorine Chemistry and Chemical Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China ajuanjuan_2856@163.com, bchm_gesg@ujn.edu.cn, cwanfw1984@163.com, dujn.yujh@gmail.com Keywords: CdTe; CdTe/CdS; core-shell structure; quantum dots; Abstract.
In order to enhance some important properties, such as quantum yields, electronic accessibility, photo-stability, QDs core was usually coated with inorganic materials to form a core-shell structures.