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In THA, the femoral head of the hip joint is replaced by a ceramic or metal ball attached to a metal stem.
Yamaguchi, Bioactive Ti metal and its alloys prepared by chemical treatments: State-of-the-Art and future trends, Advanced Engineering Materials 12 [11] (2010) B579-B591
Herb et al., Creation of oxidized zirconium orthopaedic implants, Journal of ASTM International 2 [7] (2005)14
Treska, Oxidation microstructures and interfaces in the oxidized zirconium knee, International Journal of Applied Ceramic and Technology 2 (2005) 221-246
Yang, Growth of intermetallic layer in multi-laminated Ti/Al diffusion couples, Materials Science and Engineering A 435-436 (2006) 638-647.

Finite Element Analysis of Coating-matrix Interface Crack Bo HE1,a, Sha-Sha CHU1,b, Guo QI2,c* and Chang-Qing SUN3,d 1School of Mechatronics Engineering, Shenyang Aerospace University, Shenyang, China 2Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China 3Mechanical Department, Shenyang Institute of Engineering, Shenyang, China ahebo1978@163.com, b771623586@qq.com, csywww888@126.com, dsunchangqing1977@163.com *Corresponding author Keywords: coating, interface crack, finite element analysis, stress intensity factor.
Coatings in fields of aerospace and utility boiler are mainly used to improve the wear resistance of the components, so most of the coatings are ceramic coatings and metallic-matric ceramic coatings with high hardness.
Dillard et a1, Crack path selection in adhesively bonded joints:the roles of external loads and specimen geometry, International Journal of Fracture. 114(2002) l67-190
Geng, The finite element method for solving K factor of TBC interfacial crack, Journal of Aerospace Power. 15(2000) 171-174
WAllin, The SINTAP fracture toughness estimation procedure, Engineering Fracture Mechanics. 67(2000) 613-624

The design of facilities with the use of materials with high radio protective and durability properties is an interesting and promising aspect in the domain of radiation protection of engineering structures.
Puzirev, Study of concrete composite filled with Calcium carbonate, Russian Journal of Building Construction and Architecture. 2(30) (2013) 55-61
Korolev, New radiation-protective binder for special-purpose composites, Key Engineering Materials. 683 (2016) 318-324
Shlyapin, Study of microstructure and affrication properties of alloy Al-Zn-Sn obtained with the method of contact doping, Mechanical Engineering and education. 4(37) (2013) 21
JOURNAL of Construction and Architecture. 4(41) (2013) 218-225

Resan 2018 Rubber Creep Behavior Investigation with Multi Wall Tube Carbon Nano Particle Material Effect (International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET)) Vol. 09, No. 12, pp. 729-746
Muhammad, Muhannad Al-Waily 2018 Mechanical and Fatigue Behaviors of Prosthetic for Partial Foot Amputation with Various Composite Materials Types Effect(International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET)) Vol. 09, No. 09, pp. 383–394
Mechanical & Mechatronics Engineering, IJMME-IJENS, 15(2018)1-12
Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET), 09(2018)383–394
Abbas, Numerical and Experimental Analysis to Predict Life of Removable Partial Denture, IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 1st International Conference on Engineering and Advanced Technology, Egypt, 870(2020)1-9

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2010, 35:6905-6910
Journal of The Chinese Ceramic Society, 2012, 40 (10):75-81.
International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2013, 38: 1027-1038
International Journal of Hydrogen energy, 2011, 36: 6894-6898
International Journal of Hydrogen energy, 2012, 37:18319-18325.

Padowitz, Development of molten salt heat transfer fluid with low melting point and high thermal stability, Transactions of the ASME-N-Journal of Solar Energy Engineering. 133 (2011) 31013
Bradshaw, Multicomponent Molten Salt Mixtures Based on Nitrate/Nitrite Anions, Journal of Solar Energy Engineering-Transactions of the Asme. 133 (2011) 011014
Kearney, Survey of thermal energy storage for parabolic trough power plants, Journal of Solar Energy Engineering-Transactions of the Asme. 124 (2002) 145-152
Li, et al., Analysis on Heat Transfer Characteristic of Lead-Bismuth Tutectic Alloy Applied in Solar Thermal Power Generation, Journal of Power Engineering.
Kearney, et al., Advances in parabolic trough solar power technology, Journal of Solar Energy Engineering, Transactions of the ASME. 124 (2002) 109-125.

Zhang, Microstructure, mechanical and tribological characteristics of plasma, detonation gun and HVOF sprayed NiCr/Cr3C2-BaF2.CaF2 coatings, Surface Engineering 27(2011)762-769
Korchagina, Possibilities of the Computer- Controlled Detonation Spraying method:A chemistry view point, Ceramics International 40 (2014) 3253–3260
Sun, Estimation of residual stress and its effects on the mechanical properties of detonation gun sprayed WC–Co coatings, Materials Science and Engineering A 527 (2010) 454–461
Zhang, Microstructure and Performance of WC-17Co Coatings Fabricated by High Velocity Oxy-fuel Spraying, Journal of Materials Engineering 11(2011)85-88
Korchagina, Possibilities of the Computer-Controlled Detonation Spraying method: A chemistry viewpoint, Ceramics International, with Industrial Ceramics, Volume 40, Issue 2, 2014, Pages 3253-3260

Experimental Investigations on Surface Residual Stresses in the As-sprayed and Ground Nanostructured WC/12Co Coatings Zhaohui Deng1,a, Zhongwei Hu1,b, Qi Jing 1 and Yadong Gong2 1 National Engineering Research Center for High Efficiency Grinding, Hunan University Changsha, China, 410082 2 School of Mechanical Engineering & Automation, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China,110004 a edeng0080@vip.sina.com; bhuzhongwei2003@yahoo.com.cn Key words: Nanostructured WC/12Co coatings, Surface grinding, residual stresses, Experimental Investigation Abstract: In this study, a number of experiments on surface grinding of nanostructured WC/12Co (n-WC/12Co) coatings were conducted on a precision surface grinding machine with a horizontal axis and rectangular worktable.
Superabrasive grinding is expected to become the most important method in machining nanostructured ceramic coatings[3,4].
Deng: International Journal of Machine Tools & Manufacture, Vol.42 (2002) No.5, pp.1665-1676
Zhang: Journal of Materials Science, Vol.37 (2002) No.15, pp.3229-3239
Hu: Key Engineering Material, Vol.329 (2007), pp.99-104.

The fracture of the functionally graded thermal barrier coating (TBC) under the thermal loads is a key for the engineering application of this kind of materials.
In addition, for both the interior interface crack and the edge interface crack, the crack in the micro model is located inside the ceramic at the first interface, inside the metal component (a) macro model (b) micro model Fig.1: The finite element mesh around the second interior interface crack. 50 vol.% metal ceramic (PSZ) 25 vol.% metal 75 vol.% metal NiCrAlY metal ( SUS304 ) 0.2mm 5 mm 0.2mm 0.2mm 0.2mm 0.2mm flux (MW/m2 ) film ( 90K, 10 4 Wm-2 K -1 ) Fig. 2: TBC architecture. ①→ ②→ ③→ ④→ at the second and the third interface, at the interface of different component at the fourth interface.
In which ① denotes the first interface between the ceramic layer and the 25 vol. % NiCrAlY interlayer.
Kim: Engineering Fracture Mechanics Vol. 68 (2001), p. 1013
Lee: International Journal of Solids and Structures Vol. 38 (2001), p. 5303

Sulfur Utilization Prospects in Saudi Arabia [J], 2004 IFA Production and International Trade Conference, October 2004, Dubai, UAE [2] Dianrong Zhang, Zhanxing Ma, Qingzhi Yang.
Surface Coating and Modification Ceramic Fine Powders [J].
China Ceramic Industry. 2004，Vol.11（1）,2004,11(1):50-54.
(In Chinese) [6] Fang Yutang, Kuang Shengyan, Zhang Zhengguo, Gao Xuenong, Preparations of Nano-Encapulated Phase Change Materials [J].Chemical Engineering and Equipments, 2007,2:1-3.
Journal of Applied Polymer Science.