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Materials and Methods Test Materials: The material used for this study was a 0.4%C steel obtained from Delta Steel Company, Ovwian-Aladja Delta State, Nigeria and seawater.
Metals and Materials. 3 (1987) 533-536
Putatunda,P.K Gadicherla, Influence of austenitizing temperature on fracture toughness of a low manganese austempered ductile iron (ADI) with ferritic as cast structure, Materials Science and Engineering A. 268(1) (1999) 15-31
Bates, N.A Clinton, Handbook of Quenchants and Quenching Technology,ASM International, Materials Park, OH. 1993
Erdogen, Tensile properties of partially austenised and austempered ductile irons with dual matrix structures, Materials Science and Technology. 22(8) (2006) 919-928

Mill Valley, (1986), CA University, Science books
Journal of Materials Processing Technology. (2004); 157-158:643-9 [9] M.T.Jovanović, S.Tadić, S.Zec, Z.Mišković and I.Bobić: The effect of annealing temperatures and cooling rates on microstructure and mechanical properties of investment cast Ti-6Al-4V alloy.
Materials and design. (2006); 27:192-9 [10] D.Hardie and S.Ouyang: Effect of microstructure and heat treatment on fracture behaviour of smooth and precracked tensile specimens of Ti6Al4V.
Materials Science and Technology. (1999); 15:1049-57
Mechanics of materials. (2003); 36:161-75.

Structure size and materials.
Acknowledgements This research work was financially supported by National Natural Science Fundation of China (10872178); Natural Science Fundation of Shandong Province ( ZR2009FM074).
China Civil Engineering Journal, 2007, 40(10): 34-39 [6] Wen Yuanyuan, Liu Yangling.
Journal of Xi’an Highway University, 2001,21(4): 43-45 [8] Ricles J M, Peng S W, Lu L W.
ACI Structural Journal, 2004, 101(1): 39-46

Shield tunnel floating involves many factors,which not only consist the problems of tunnel design itself,such as tunnel linear,the thickness of overburden soil,formation characteristics and surrounding environment.But also consist the problems of construction technology,such as the control of tunnel axis,construction parameters and grouting materials properties etc[2,3,4].
Figure 2 Overburden soil minimum thickness calculation diagram Table 2 Calculation parameters Materials Segment Grouting Slurry Soil Water Unit Weight（kN/m³） 25.0 12.5 19.0 10.0 According to the force's equilibrium condition,tunnel anti-floating must satisfy the formula (1)
[3] Fei Ye,Hehua Zhu,Wenqi Ding.Journal of Highway and Translation Research and Development,vol.26 (2009),p.91(in Chinese)
[10] Fei Ye,Hehua Zhu,Wenqi Ding,Hongwei Yang.Journal of Tongji University(Natural Science),vol.36 (2008),p.738(in Chinese)
[13] Hui Wang,Dayong Li,Guanghong Xia.J.of University of Science and Technology of Suzhou(Engineering and Technology),vol.17 (2004),p.40(in Chinese).

Material Selection.
The selection of the dielectric substrate materials is crucial to the success of film coating because it must also provide good adhesion and prevent chemical reaction between the substrate and metal layers.
Hence, the dielectric substrate materials for thermocouple insulation should have the following features: a dielectric strength that remains high at elevated temperatures, excellent stability and capability to form a high quality diffusion barrier and a reasonable coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) to match that of metal.
Bordatchev: Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science Vol. 30 (2005), p. 159 [2] Hui Xue, Fuguo Li and lvquan Huang: Journal of Transducer Technology Vol. 1 (1996), p. 46 (In Chinese) [3] Hongren Zhou, Xiurong Liu, Xiaosong Du, Beina Xu and Bangchao Yang: Global Electronics China Vol. 1 (1999), p. 58 - 59 (In Chinese) [4] K.G.
Kreider: Journal of Crystal Growth Vol.

The morphology of the starting materials is presented in fig. 1.
Table 1 shows the densities of the produced hot-pressed Cu-C composite materials.
In the case of copper-based materials, plastic deformations are observed during the friction cycle.
Włosiński, Influence of titanium on the formation of a “barrier” layer during joining an AlN ceramic with copper by the CDB technique, Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics, 17(10) (2006) 781-788
Weglewski, Comparison of experimental and modelling results of thermal properties in Cu-AlN composite materials, Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences - Technical Sciences, 61(2) (2013) 507-514

Recently, bone substitution materials provide new idea and methods for maxillofacial restoration and reconstruction.
We list the material elastic parameters of the soft tissue in Table 2.
International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, 2000, 29(1), pp. 2-10
International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 2000, 29(1), pp. 11-17
Journal of Biomedical Engineering, 2008, 2, pp. 429-434

Mo et. al [9] for instance, has studied the removal of the materials from synthetic dyeing wastewater composed of Direct Red 75 (DR75), PVA, NaCl, and Na2SO4 by the coagulation process.
A few examples of extensively used adsorbents include activated carbon, inorganic oxides, and natural adsorbents (such as clays and clay minerals, cellulostic materials, chitin and chitosan) [10].
Algal action was reported to represent a natural pathway for the conversion of lignin to other materials within the carbon cycle [1].
Yeoung, “Treatment of Complex Remazol Red Dye Effluent using Sawdust and Coal Based Activated Carbons,” Journal of Hazardous Materials, vol.16, pp. 790-796, 2009. [15] C.
Mahput, “Using of Ceramic Membrane to Removal of Total Suspended Solid (TSS) and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) in Batik Wastewater,” International Journal of Science Engineering and Technology, vol. 2, no.3, pp. 31-35, 2009. [19] K.

Experimental results showed that the suitable synthetic conditions for solketal were as follows: mass ratio of two kinds of raw materials, glycerol to acetone, is 1:20, catalyst DT-851 sulfonic acid resin dosage is 5% (wt, calculated by glycerol), reaction temperature is 58 oC and reaction time is 2 h.
The effect of material mass ratio of glycerol to acetone on product Solketal’s yield was shown in Fig. 2.
Acknowledgement The work was supported by the grant from the Special Scientific Project for Forestry Public Industry of State Ministry of Science and Technology of China (No. 201304603) and the grant from the Key Project of Science and Technology Development Plan of Changsha city, China (No.
Gresham: The Journal of Organic Chemistry Vol. 14 (1949), p. 1103 [2] Y.J.
Gao: Journal of Liaoning Shihua University Vol. 4 (2011), p. 9

Properties of CNT and few other engineering materials are compared in table 1.
Table 1: Comparison of properties of CNT and other engineering materials.
[2] Yufeng Wu, Gap-Yong Kim;Carbon nanotube reinforced aluminium composite fabricated by semi-solid powder processing; Journal of Materials Processing Technology 211 (2011), 1341–1347
[8] Hansang Kwon, Mart Saarna, Songhak Yoon, Anke Weidenkaff, Marc Leparoux; Effect of milling time on dual-nanoparticulate-reinforced aluminium alloy matrix composite materials; Materials Science & Engineering A 590 (2014), 338–345
Agarwal; Carbon nanotube reinforced metal matrix composites – a review; International Materials Reviews 2010 VOL 55 NO 1, 41-64.