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The travel time (TT) is a fundamental measuring indicator in transport engineering quantitatively representing traffic conditions.
Engineers and transport planners have used this indicator to determine the delays, their causes as well as some measures to improve travel times.
Lee, Probe Vehicle Population and Sample Size for Arterial Speed Estimation, Computer-Aided Civil and Infrastructure Engineering, 17, 2002, 53-60

This approach, however, does not allow in most cases the implementation of optimal solutions especially in terms installations and therefore the energy consumption is not optimal mainly due to the design in the final stage of those systems, which gives engineers fewer optimization options The European Commission wants to develop a common European methodology for life cycle costs of construction.
LCC methodology can be applied in a wide range of circumstances in the construction business, for example, the decision to invest in the execution of building or civil engineering.
This is the main reason for which we consider that implementing the LCA and LCCA methods in early stages of the building design can help architects, engineers and investors/beneficiaries make decisions and further on choosing the construction elements with the lowest impact on the environment and also with the lower costs possible.

Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors Advancements and Industrial Applications Agostino Iadicicco 1,a , Antonello Cutolo2,3,b and Andrea Cusano2,3,c 1 Department for Technologies, University of Naples Parthenope, Centro Direzionale Napoli, Isola C4, 80143 Napoli, Italy 2 Optoelectronic Division-Engineering Department, University of Sannio, Corso Garibaldi 107, 82100 Benevento, Italy 3 OptoSmart s.r.l., Via Pontano 61, 80121 Napoli, ITALY, info@optosmart.com.
Over the last few years, optical fiber sensors have seen increased acceptance and widespread use for a variety of applications ranging from structural sensing and health monitoring of composites and structures in civil and aeronautic areas; to pressure and temperature sensors for oil and gas reservoir monitoring to name just a few.
FBGs can serve as strain-gauge sensors to provide structural engineers with measurements not previously possible.
A novel configuration based on photonic band-gap engineering in FBGs was proposed in 2005 [27-28].

Study on the Bearing Mechanism of Bucket Foundation for Offshore-wind Turbine in Soft Clay Jianfeng Wang1,2, a, Haitao Dai1,b and Ming Qin1,c 1School of Civil Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; 2 Guodian United Power Technology Co.Ltd., Beijing 100044, China aWangjianfeng@gdupc.cn, bDaihaitao@gdupc.cn, cQinming@gdupc.cn Keywords: offshore wind turbine; vertical load; horizontal load; bending moment load; soil pressures.
References [1] Huang Wei-ping, Liu Jian-jun and Zhao Zhan-hua, “The state of the art of study on offshore wind turbine structures and its development,” The Ocean Engineering.
London: [s. n.], 2006 [5] Liu Zhen-wen, “Study on Stability of the Bucket Foundations in Soft Clay,” Ph.D. dissertation, Tianjin University, March 2001 [6] Wei Shi-hao, Feng Shi-lun and Yan Chi, “Earth Pressure Study on the Bucket Foundation Under Horizontal Forces,” WEST-CHINA EXPLORATION ENGINEERING.

Evaluation Research of Critical Condition Design of BT Mode Chao Wang1, a, Haibin Ma1,b and Chuanqin Yao1,c 1 Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Anhui University of science &technology Huainan, China a59948009@qq.com, b mahaibin25@163.com ,c chqyao@aust.edu.cn Keywords: BT mode; critical condition; fuzzy comprehensive evaluation.
In China, engineering practice usually runs synchronously with the governmental policy, it brings great dispute in mode-choice.
[2]Liu Yubing, “Max-m in algorithm of fuzzy synthetic judgment is wrong,” Systems Engineering-theory & Practice, December 1998

Preparation and characterization of modified activated carbon and its influencing factors of Cd2+ adsorption Chunsheng Ding1, 2, a, Qianfen Zhu2,b , Ping Ning1,c , Jingke Lu2,d 1Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, 650093, China 2College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China adingcs99@163.com, bzhuqianfen@163.com, cningping58@sina.com, dljking@163.com Keywords: activated carbon, modify, removal of Cadmium, adsorption capability.
Journal of Chemical Industry & Engineering, Vol. 27(5) (2006),p.39-44(In Chinese) [15]Mofina-Sabio，Maxl G Q: J.

Effect and Microscopic Mechanisms of Slag Micropowder on the Reinforcement of CaCO3 Whisker in Cement Composites WEI Jianqiang a, CAO Minglib School of Civil Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, Liaoning, China aemail:weijianqiang@126.com; bemail: caomingli3502@163.com Keyword: Slag Micropowder; whisker -reinforced cement; interface; mechanical properties Abstract: Whisker pull-out, which indicates that the interfacial bond strength of whiskers/cement is not high enough, is dominant in the microstructure of whisker-reinforced cement fractured surfaces.
Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings Vol. 5, Issue 7/8 (1984), p. 614 [6] D.
Richerson: Modern Ceramic Engineering (Marcel Dekker, New York, 1992)

Influence of Hydrogen on the Plasmas Nitriding Process of 35CrMo Steel Li Zhong1,a, Xi Han2,b 1 School of Mechatronics and Automotive Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China 2 School of Civil and Architecture Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China a zhongli6501@21cn.com, b xihan@cquc.edu.cn Key words: Nitrogen and hydrogen mixture plasma nitriding, Active nitrogen atom, Hydrogen molecule-ion, Critical dissociation energy Abstract.
References [1] Karakan Mehmet, Alsaran Akgün and Çelik, Ayhan: “Effects of Various Gas Mixtures on Plasma Nitriding Behavior of AISI 5140 Steel,” Materials Characterization, 2002, 49(3), p. 241 [2] Mufu Yan, Jihong Yan and T Bell: “Numerical Simulation of Nitrided Layer Growth and Nitrogen Distribution in ε-Fe2-3N, γ'-Fe4N and α-Fe during Pulse Plasma Nitriding of Pure Iron,” Modelling and Simulation in Materials Science and Engineering, 2000, 8(4), p. 491 [3] Miola E.J., de Souza S.D. and Olzon-Dionysio M: “Systematic Study on Influence of the Niitriding Parameters on Pure Iron Superficial Layer Properties,” Surface & Coatings Technology; 2003, 167(1), p. 33 [4] Baranowska J., Szczeciński K.

Research on Producing New Ceramic Filter Media Modified at Surface and Its Application in Pre-treating Slightly-polluted Water Yan Qing Zhanga, Meng Lib School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China azhangyanqing0210@126.com, blimeng189@126.com Key words: Ceramic filter media, Surface modification, Iron oxide, Slightly-polluted water Abstract.
Journal of Water Resources & Water Engineering (In Chinese), Vol. 16 (2005) No.3, p.65
Journal of Heilongjiang Hydraulic Engineering College (In Chinese), Vol. 30 (2003) No.2, p.21

Introduction Maintenance or strengthening of existing prestressed concrete (PC) cable-stayed bridges has become one of difficult but hot engineering issues in China [1].
References [1] Jinquan Zhang, Wentao Wang: Handbook of inspection and strengthening for bridges (Volume 2), China Communications Press, Beijing(2007), p.926-943 (in Chinese) [2] Wentao Wang: Replacement of Stay Cables for Cable-stayed Bridges, China Communications Press, Beijing (2006), p.53-68 (in Chinese) [3] Guxuan Li, Shangying Deng, and Wen Xiao, et al: Guangdong Highway Communications Vol.26 (2000), p.176-178 (in Chinese) [4] Guoxiong Lin, Shuanquan Qin, and Huamin Zhu, et al: Bridge Construction Vol.31(2001), p.18-21 (in Chinese) [5] Hongjiang Li, Wanheng Li, and Jinquan Zhang, et al:World Bridges Vol.37 (2009), p.53-56 (in Chinese) [6] Hongjiang Li: Proceedings of the 18th national conference on structural engineering, Guangzhou, China(2009), p.465-470 (in Chinese) [7] Xing Yang, Min Zhang, Shuixing Zhou: Journal of Chongqing Jiaotong University (Natural Science) Vol.28 (2009), p.508-511 (in Chinese) [8] Hongjiang Li: Journal of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering