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Online since: October 2011
Authors: Yu Yang, Sheng Xin Zhao, Ya Qin Xu, Ze Yuan Yu
The anthocyanins are water-soluble pigments which facilitates their incorporation into numerous aqueous food systems.
The fruits were harvested at the fully mature stage, then were washed in running tap water and drained.
The prepared samples were incubated at 50°C in a water bath and treated by different extraction time(90–150 min).
As a result, extraction time (X1; min), ethanol concentration (X2; %, v/v ethanol/water) and solvent to solid ratio (X3; mL/g) were selected to be optimized for the extraction of blackcurrant anthocyanins and extraction yield (Y) was taken as the response of the design experiments.
Acknowledgements This work was financially supported by the Innovative Professional Project Foundation of Northeast Agricultural University (190205) and Scientific and Technological Research Project Foundation of Heilongjiang Provincial Education Department (11541017).
The fruits were harvested at the fully mature stage, then were washed in running tap water and drained.
The prepared samples were incubated at 50°C in a water bath and treated by different extraction time(90–150 min).
As a result, extraction time (X1; min), ethanol concentration (X2; %, v/v ethanol/water) and solvent to solid ratio (X3; mL/g) were selected to be optimized for the extraction of blackcurrant anthocyanins and extraction yield (Y) was taken as the response of the design experiments.
Acknowledgements This work was financially supported by the Innovative Professional Project Foundation of Northeast Agricultural University (190205) and Scientific and Technological Research Project Foundation of Heilongjiang Provincial Education Department (11541017).
Online since: October 2016
Authors: Dong Yi Chen, Michael Lawo, Shi Ji Xia Hou, Yi Kang
However, because of the large number of sensors, the system is relatively large and expensive, and the preparation process is complex requiring professional support.
To analyze and judge the signal’s characteristics requires for SlimScarf a suitable signal recognition mechanism Signals acquired from experiment respectively are chewing signal (Chewing gum), liquid-food-swallowing signal (swallow water), solid-food-swallowing signal (swallow bread) and sound signal(read book).
Solid food may be accompanied by liquid such as water or saliva.
Table 1 Experiment requirements and conditions Target data Signal Source Conditions Voice Signal Reading Read 200 words slowly Chewing Signal Chewing Gum Chewing gum slowly and continuously Liquid Swallowing Signal Drinking water Drinking water slowly and time by time Solid Swallowing Signal Eating Bread Chewing bread and swallow it slowly.
To analyze and judge the signal’s characteristics requires for SlimScarf a suitable signal recognition mechanism Signals acquired from experiment respectively are chewing signal (Chewing gum), liquid-food-swallowing signal (swallow water), solid-food-swallowing signal (swallow bread) and sound signal(read book).
Solid food may be accompanied by liquid such as water or saliva.
Table 1 Experiment requirements and conditions Target data Signal Source Conditions Voice Signal Reading Read 200 words slowly Chewing Signal Chewing Gum Chewing gum slowly and continuously Liquid Swallowing Signal Drinking water Drinking water slowly and time by time Solid Swallowing Signal Eating Bread Chewing bread and swallow it slowly.
Online since: March 2015
Authors: Liang Min Gao, Ning Liu, Xiao Xiao Zhang, Li Li Chen, Zhi Chao Liu
As a result, soil, surface water, underground water and atmosphere in the contaminated sites have seriously threatened human health and ecological environmental safety.
Health risk assessment for contaminated sites refers to analyzing the main exposure pathway of human to pollutants in soil and underground water in the contaminated sites and assessing carcinogenic risk or hazard quotient of these pollutants to human health on the basis of site environment investigation [5].
Sampling and analysis On the basis of the investigation and analysis on the previous production history, raw materials, products, production process and pollution prevention and renovation measures regarding this site, a professional judgment method is adopted to set sampling points of maximum likelihood and representativeness for collecting topsoil samples and deep soil samples.
Pollution factor Concentration range [mg•kg-1] Evaluation standard * [mg•kg-1] Maximum excess multiples Screening levels of contaminated site soils**[mg•kg-1] 1 As 6.5~61.5 20 2.1 20 2 Cr 67.9~52471.9 190 275.2 250 3 Cr(Ⅵ) 1.3~25080.8 30* 12539.4 30 4 Ni 13.7~468.8 50 8.4 50 5 Cu 17.1~108.8 63 0.7 600 Note: “*” indicates that the data is sourced from Grade A standards specified in the Assessment Standards for Soil Environmental Quality of Exhibition Lands (Provisional) (HJ350-2007) [7], and “**” indicates that the data is sourced from the screen levels of soil pollutants for health risk assessment values of residential lands specified in the Screening Levels for Soil Environmental Risk Assessment of Sites (DB11/T 811-2011) [8]; Environmental risk assessment model RBCA model RBCA (risk-based corrective action) is the action principle issued by American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) for soil and underground water pollution control, and US GSI Environment Co., Ltd. has developed
Health risk assessment for contaminated sites refers to analyzing the main exposure pathway of human to pollutants in soil and underground water in the contaminated sites and assessing carcinogenic risk or hazard quotient of these pollutants to human health on the basis of site environment investigation [5].
Sampling and analysis On the basis of the investigation and analysis on the previous production history, raw materials, products, production process and pollution prevention and renovation measures regarding this site, a professional judgment method is adopted to set sampling points of maximum likelihood and representativeness for collecting topsoil samples and deep soil samples.
Pollution factor Concentration range [mg•kg-1] Evaluation standard * [mg•kg-1] Maximum excess multiples Screening levels of contaminated site soils**[mg•kg-1] 1 As 6.5~61.5 20 2.1 20 2 Cr 67.9~52471.9 190 275.2 250 3 Cr(Ⅵ) 1.3~25080.8 30* 12539.4 30 4 Ni 13.7~468.8 50 8.4 50 5 Cu 17.1~108.8 63 0.7 600 Note: “*” indicates that the data is sourced from Grade A standards specified in the Assessment Standards for Soil Environmental Quality of Exhibition Lands (Provisional) (HJ350-2007) [7], and “**” indicates that the data is sourced from the screen levels of soil pollutants for health risk assessment values of residential lands specified in the Screening Levels for Soil Environmental Risk Assessment of Sites (DB11/T 811-2011) [8]; Environmental risk assessment model RBCA model RBCA (risk-based corrective action) is the action principle issued by American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) for soil and underground water pollution control, and US GSI Environment Co., Ltd. has developed
Online since: March 2024
Authors: Jisun Im, Nigel Neate, Ricky D. Wildman, Georgina Elizabeth Marsh, Maxine Swee Li Yee, Ning Tan
Furthermore, the lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) leaf is well known for its inherent self-cleaning property due to having extremely high water-repelling capacity and superhydrophobicity.
A combination of micro/nanoscale structure and low surface energy material (epicuticular wax crystals) contribute to the excellent self-cleaning and superhydrophobic behavior of lotus leaf, where such surfaces exhibit high water contact angle (> 150°) and low sliding angle (< 10°) [5].
Superhydrophobic surfaces (water contact angle >150°) tend to resist bacterial cell attachment [6].
The processed general writing language (.GWL) file was then transferred to a Photonic Professional GT (Nanoscribe GmbH, Germany) for printing of 3D nano-/microstructures.
The materials were fixed using 4% paraformaldehyde for 30 mins and dehydrated by immersing the samples in ethanol and water mixtures with increasing concentrations (50%, 60%, 70%, 80% and 99.8%), and then dried using different parts of ethanol and hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS) solution starting from (2:1), (1:2) and pure HMDS in a fume hood.
A combination of micro/nanoscale structure and low surface energy material (epicuticular wax crystals) contribute to the excellent self-cleaning and superhydrophobic behavior of lotus leaf, where such surfaces exhibit high water contact angle (> 150°) and low sliding angle (< 10°) [5].
Superhydrophobic surfaces (water contact angle >150°) tend to resist bacterial cell attachment [6].
The processed general writing language (.GWL) file was then transferred to a Photonic Professional GT (Nanoscribe GmbH, Germany) for printing of 3D nano-/microstructures.
The materials were fixed using 4% paraformaldehyde for 30 mins and dehydrated by immersing the samples in ethanol and water mixtures with increasing concentrations (50%, 60%, 70%, 80% and 99.8%), and then dried using different parts of ethanol and hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS) solution starting from (2:1), (1:2) and pure HMDS in a fume hood.
Online since: October 2014
Authors: František Kresta
These are always artificial aggregates produced within the ironmaking or steelmaking process, or in the production of nonferrous metals
Such metallurgical by-products tend to be termed ‘slags’ not just by laymen but even by the professional public.
Granulated slag is blast furnace slag composed mainly of grains below 5 mm in size, with deep open pore, produced by rapid cooling of molten waste by quenching with pressure water; its use in roadbuilding is rare.
Free lime converts to portlandite Ca(OH)2 in the presence of water (Fig. 1).
The volume changes of water saturated samples tested at the temperature of 75°C amounted to 27.4% after 122 days for the samples compacted by 100% Proctor Standard energy, and 43.1% after 188 days for the sample compacted by Proctor Modified energy.
Fig. 3 Progression with time of the increment of vertical deformation of steelworks waste samples soaked with water at the temperature of 75°C High porosity and thus, high specific surface area of the materials increase their hydration activity.
Granulated slag is blast furnace slag composed mainly of grains below 5 mm in size, with deep open pore, produced by rapid cooling of molten waste by quenching with pressure water; its use in roadbuilding is rare.
Free lime converts to portlandite Ca(OH)2 in the presence of water (Fig. 1).
The volume changes of water saturated samples tested at the temperature of 75°C amounted to 27.4% after 122 days for the samples compacted by 100% Proctor Standard energy, and 43.1% after 188 days for the sample compacted by Proctor Modified energy.
Fig. 3 Progression with time of the increment of vertical deformation of steelworks waste samples soaked with water at the temperature of 75°C High porosity and thus, high specific surface area of the materials increase their hydration activity.
Online since: May 2012
Authors: Shou Qi Yuan, Qiao Rui Si, Jian Ping Yuan, Jun Yang, Chuan Wang
First of all, it is to talk about submersible pump in which both of the media of the volute inside and outside are water.
Critical situation of total reflection exists in the water-volute plate interface.
(3) pi is incident sound pressure; pt is sound pressure of transmitted waves; f is the frequency of sound waves; D is volute thickness; Z is the impedance. ρ1 and ρ2 are density of water and volute plate respectively, ρ1 = 1000kg/m3, ρ2 = 7850kg/m3.
About onshore pumps: c1=1440 m/s, c2=6.0×103 m/s, c3=340 m/s,The sound intensity transmission coefficient tI changes into: (4) (5) (6) among them: f is the frequency of sound waves; ρ1, ρ2 and ρ3 are density of water, volute plate and air respectively that ρ1=1000kg/m3, ρ2=7850kg/m3, ρ3=1.293kg/m3.
Fig.7 Flowchart of acoustic simulation The flow field at five flow conditions was simulated by professional computing software ANSYS CFX, using finite volume method based on the finite element to discrete N-S equations.
Critical situation of total reflection exists in the water-volute plate interface.
(3) pi is incident sound pressure; pt is sound pressure of transmitted waves; f is the frequency of sound waves; D is volute thickness; Z is the impedance. ρ1 and ρ2 are density of water and volute plate respectively, ρ1 = 1000kg/m3, ρ2 = 7850kg/m3.
About onshore pumps: c1=1440 m/s, c2=6.0×103 m/s, c3=340 m/s,The sound intensity transmission coefficient tI changes into: (4) (5) (6) among them: f is the frequency of sound waves; ρ1, ρ2 and ρ3 are density of water, volute plate and air respectively that ρ1=1000kg/m3, ρ2=7850kg/m3, ρ3=1.293kg/m3.
Fig.7 Flowchart of acoustic simulation The flow field at five flow conditions was simulated by professional computing software ANSYS CFX, using finite volume method based on the finite element to discrete N-S equations.
Online since: December 2013
Authors: Khairur Rijal Jamaludin, Amiril Sahab Abdul Sani, Mohd Yazid Abu, Tajul Ariffin Abdullah, Dzuraidah Abdul Wahab
Communication failures in surgery are often underpinned by the inherent differences in professional practice across disciplines.
A high pressure water jet cleaner was used to remove any residual paint and to neutralize the carbon on the surface area of the cylinder head.
worker; Structure worker specialization 6 Less profit 7 Many rejected cylinder heads 4 196 294 Management Inadequate training or education Proper handling of dipping process; Awareness on Personal Protective Equipment 9 Understand the SOP; Report to supervisor weekly 2 Negligence on personal protective equipment; Exposed to hazardous condition 9 Improper handling of cleaning process; Not wearing any PPE 5 405 162 5 Management Not responsible on given schedule process Other facilities not transferring their engine parts after cleaning process 7 Supervisor on particular facility should monitor their worker performing task 5 Double cleaning; Misunderstood 6 Crankshaft, cam shaft, engine block scattered in cleaning area 5 210 210 Environment Waste management problem Paint removal; Carburizer and chemical waste flow directly into the ditch 6 Provide a waste filtration system; Neutralise chemical substances system is required 7 Flow clogged; Adverse effects to living being 8 Accumulated water
A single crane is used for transferring in all the processes: cylinder heads to the press valve machines, to the final cleaning machines, dipping into the decarburizer, cleaning with high pressure water jet cleaners, and bringing to Teijo C-2600 machines for removing grease and carbon powder.
This contamination can be easily monitored by observing the drain water accumulated with the generated waste from any of the released outlets.
A high pressure water jet cleaner was used to remove any residual paint and to neutralize the carbon on the surface area of the cylinder head.
worker; Structure worker specialization 6 Less profit 7 Many rejected cylinder heads 4 196 294 Management Inadequate training or education Proper handling of dipping process; Awareness on Personal Protective Equipment 9 Understand the SOP; Report to supervisor weekly 2 Negligence on personal protective equipment; Exposed to hazardous condition 9 Improper handling of cleaning process; Not wearing any PPE 5 405 162 5 Management Not responsible on given schedule process Other facilities not transferring their engine parts after cleaning process 7 Supervisor on particular facility should monitor their worker performing task 5 Double cleaning; Misunderstood 6 Crankshaft, cam shaft, engine block scattered in cleaning area 5 210 210 Environment Waste management problem Paint removal; Carburizer and chemical waste flow directly into the ditch 6 Provide a waste filtration system; Neutralise chemical substances system is required 7 Flow clogged; Adverse effects to living being 8 Accumulated water
A single crane is used for transferring in all the processes: cylinder heads to the press valve machines, to the final cleaning machines, dipping into the decarburizer, cleaning with high pressure water jet cleaners, and bringing to Teijo C-2600 machines for removing grease and carbon powder.
This contamination can be easily monitored by observing the drain water accumulated with the generated waste from any of the released outlets.
Online since: October 2025
Authors: Lia Nicoleta Boțilă, Attila Akac, Branko Savić, Raluca Faur, Gabriela Victoria Mnerie
Aurel Păunescu Podeanu, Postal Code 307200, Timișoara, Romania
3Higher Education Technical School of Professional Studies in Novi Sad,
Address: 1, Str.
How SFSP works and what makes it unique [2]: - Submersion Environment: In SFSP, the material and the rotating tool are submerged in water or another cooling medium.
Key Features of the OMA Maxiem 1530 Abrasive Waterjet Cutter: - Cutting Precision and Accuracy: The Maxiem 1530 uses a high-pressure jet of water mixed with abrasive particles (usually garnet) to cut through materials with high accuracy, producing clean edges with minimal finishing required
Images of chemical elements in the 3D printed specimen in layers powder (a) 13A-T, (b) 14A-T1 Conclusions Following the research conducted on the EN AW 5754 aluminium alloy through SFSP, experiments were carried out to evaluate the microstructure, mechanical strength, and structural integrity of the processed material, resulting in the following findings: Process temperature reduction: SFSP, conducted in a water medium, reduced the processing temperature, preventing excessive grain growth and thermal stress.
[7] Water jet cutting system OMAX MAXIEM 1530.
How SFSP works and what makes it unique [2]: - Submersion Environment: In SFSP, the material and the rotating tool are submerged in water or another cooling medium.
Key Features of the OMA Maxiem 1530 Abrasive Waterjet Cutter: - Cutting Precision and Accuracy: The Maxiem 1530 uses a high-pressure jet of water mixed with abrasive particles (usually garnet) to cut through materials with high accuracy, producing clean edges with minimal finishing required
Images of chemical elements in the 3D printed specimen in layers powder (a) 13A-T, (b) 14A-T1 Conclusions Following the research conducted on the EN AW 5754 aluminium alloy through SFSP, experiments were carried out to evaluate the microstructure, mechanical strength, and structural integrity of the processed material, resulting in the following findings: Process temperature reduction: SFSP, conducted in a water medium, reduced the processing temperature, preventing excessive grain growth and thermal stress.
[7] Water jet cutting system OMAX MAXIEM 1530.
Online since: October 2025
Authors: Ihsan Nur Hakim, Sentagi Sesotya Utami, Tri Lestari, Nopriadi Norpiadi
Cavuoto, Barriers to the adoption of wearable sensors in the workplace: A survey of occupational safety and health professionals, Hum.
Waters, National occupational research agenda (NORA) future directions in occupational musculoskeletal disorder health research, Appl.
Waters, National occupational research agenda (NORA) future directions in occupational musculoskeletal disorder health research, Appl.