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One of them is the use for modification of special steels and alloys.
One technique is alloys modification by small quantity of additives from insoluble particles of highmelting-point compounds, which initiate the process of crystallization.
The aim of this paper is to present the results obtained from the metallographic investigation on the microstructure and properties of the alloyed with nitrogen tool steel X210Cr12 after modification with nanodispersed Si3N4.
Rachkov: Heat Treatment of Special Steels and Alloys, Alya, Sofia (1993), in Bulgarian. 3.
Rassizadehghani, International Journal of Cast Metals Research, Vol. 19 (2), p. 323-329 (2006) 5.

High purity silicon can also be obtained from Al-Si alloys using solidification theory.
In addition, liquidus temperatures of those alloys decrease rapidly since they have the eutectic in binary system respectively.
Al-Si alloy is one of the promising candidates because it has no intermetallic compounds which prevent separation of Si from the matrix and the remainder of Al-Si alloy after separation can be used for automobile industry.
It is also very important to separate only Si particles from those alloys.
Morita : Journal of Crystal Growth 311. (2009), p.776-779

In this regard, currently the research of titanium manufacturing focuses on the developing of new technique at the aim of reducing the cost of titanium production [1-5].
Zhou, Materials Characterization, Vol. 61(2009), p1008 [5] Liang shun Luo, ,Yanqing Su, Jingjie Guo, Journal of Alloys and Compounds, Vol. 425(2006), p140 [6] L.
Feng, International journal of hydrogen energy, Vol.34(2009), p3014 [8] D.B.
Lu, Journal of Alloys and Compounds, Vol.427(2007), p229 [9] A.
Rodrigue, Journal of Alloys and Compounds, Vol. 353(2003), p217 [14] Wang Guisheng, Tian Rongzhang: Application Technology of Titanium (Changsha: Central South University press, China, 2007)

A new refractory alloy HfNbSi0.5TiVZr was synthesized by induction levitation melting with the aim to achieve an excellent strength and toughness balance of the Hf-Nb-Ti-Zr based alloy.
Biggish entropy is conducive to the formation of solid solution, while lower enthalpy will promote to form intermetallic compounds.
While when the two dominant factors out of this range, alloy systems easily occur intermetallic compound and BMGs.
Senkova, et al, Microstructure and room temperature properties of a high-entropy TaNbHfZrTi alloy, Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 509(2011) 6043-6048
[14] Chun-Ming Lin, Chien-Chang Juan, Chia-Hsiu Chang, et al, Effect of Al addition on mechanical properties and microstructure of refractory AlxHfNbTaTiZr alloys, Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 624(2015) 100-107

Mg-Al-Zn based alloys (as well as all the magnesium alloys except those with lithium addition) crystallize in the HTU system.
In general, it can be said that AZ91D, AZ31 and AZ80 belong among the most investigated Mg-Al-Zn alloys.
Influence of the ECAP technology on this alloy is discussed in [21] as well, where the alloy was extruded in 1 to 6 passes with the aim of sample cross-section size influence on microstructure determination.
Journal of AMME. 2007; 20: 447–450
Journal of Alloys and Compounds. 2010;507;207-214 [11] Faraji G., Mashhadi M.M., Kim H.S..

The study is also carried out to investigate the changes in resistivity of alloys during the ageing time in the alloy with and without 50% deformation.
The sizes of GP zones are very fine and evenly distribute in the alloys.
(a) (b) Fig.3 Microstructures of specimens when aged at 170°C for (a) 5h in alloys without deformation, (b) 1h in alloys with 50% deformation.
[7]A.Smolej,M.Gnamus,E.Slacek.Journal of Materials Processing Technology,Vol.118,(2001),p.397 [8] A.
[9]S.Malinov, P.Markovsky, W Sha, et al: Journal of Alloys and Compounds,Vol.314,(2001),p.181

The alloys prepared using rapid solidification consisted of SmCo5 matrix phase, MgCu2-type SmCo2 secondary phase, and small traces of Sm2Co7 phase.
The Sm-Co binary equilibrium phase diagram contains five Sm-rich intermetallic compounds: Sm2Co17, SmCo5, Sm2Co7, SmCo3, and SmCo2.
Therefore, replacing Sm2Co7 and SmCo3 phases with SmCo2 in SmCo5 compounds will potentially get high coercivity without the introducing of low anisotropy field phases.
Alloys Compd.
Landgraf, Journal of Phase Equilibria, Vol. 21 (2000) , P. 443

This paper aims to investigate effect of spark plasma sintering temperature on mechanical property of Ti + ZrO2.
Therefore, titanium alloys have been interested in orthopedic applications [3].
However, the mechanical properties of Ti+ZrO2 alloys in the as SPSed state have not clearly studied.
Modern Production Methods for Titanium Alloys: A Review, IntechOpen. 2019
Calculation of Nb-Ti-Zr phase diagram, Journal of Alloys and Compounds. 1994; 206, pp. 121–127

In case of more complex compounds, full thermophysical description of the system demands big amount of labour.
Modern magnesium alloys are characterized by a complex chemical composition.
Recent development of magnesium alloys is focused on wrought products and casting alloys, especially cast by semi-solid methods such as thixotropic method [6].
The aim of the research was to determine temperatures of phase transformations in EV31A magnesium alloy.
Han, Effects of ageing treatment on microstructures and properties of Mg-Gd-Y-Zr alloys with and without Zn addition, Journal of Alloys and Compounds 465 (2008) 232-238

Transient negative strain hardening during severe plastic deformation of Al-30wt%Zn alloys M.
In this work we propose a new model (SOFTMAR) to describe the transient softening observed during severe plastic deformation of Al-30wt%Zn alloys.
Chuvil’deev, Superplasticity and internal friction in microcrystalline AZ91 and ZK60 magnesium alloys processed by equal-channel angular pressing, Journal of Alloys and Compounds 378 (2004) 253-257
Baretzky, Gradual softening of Al–Zn alloys during high-pressure torsion, Materials Letters, 84 (2012) 63-65
Nes, Holmedal, B., Evangelista, E., Marthinsen, K., Modelling grain boundary strengthening in ultra-fine grained aluminum alloys, Mater.