Search results

Introduction Continuous research and development has resulted in new materials that are hard to machine, such as metal alloys, titanium carbides and high-speed steel.
Some greater brittleness materials, like ferrites, silicon and glass are also difficult to machine.
In order to machine the materials, some special machining techniques like ultrasonic machining (USM) are introduced [1, 2].
References [1] Lin Y., Yan B., Chang Y., 2000, Machining characteristics of titanium alloy (Ti-6Al-4V) using a combination process of EDM with USM, Journal of Materials Processing Technology 104 (2000) 171-177
[2] Nikhil churi, Rotary ultrasonic machining of hard-to-machine materials [D], Kansas State University, 2010

Natural fibers such as flax, hemp and jute are some of the most common reinforcement material for composite fiber.
This phenomenon is closely related to the decreasing hydrophobic properties of fibers and promotes reactions of polymerization of the two materials components.
Composites: Applied Science and Manufacturing , 35, pp. 371-376
I.N.G., Pratikto., Suprapto W.,( 2015), Effects of Sugar Palm Fiber Immersed In Sea Water Toward the Fiber Tensile Strenght As A Composite Strengthen, International Journal of Applied Engineering Research 10 (7) pp 17037 – 17045
Watts, (2005), The Morphology and Topography of Polymer Surfaces and Interfaces Exposed by Ultra-low-angle Microtomy, Journal of Materials Science 40. pp. 285-293.

Fig. 1 Grid division 2.2 Material attribute, experimental parameters and boundary conditions Using aluminum as the workpiece materials, H13(4Cr5MoSiV1) the stir-welding head material, The coefficient of friction between them set to 0.17[9].
Table 1 lists the performance of the two materials[9].
Acknowledgements The authors would gratefully thank for the Youth Science and Technology Fund of Sichuan Province (No.2011JQ0039), the Talent Fund of Xihua University (No.R0920203), and the Science and Technology Fund of Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security of the P.R.
Welding Journal, 1997(9)：55-59
Kovaccvic, International Journal of Machine Tool&Manufacture, vol.43, pp.605-615, 2003

Santos 2,3 1 Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China, wengwj@zju.edu.cn 2 FEUP - Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, DEMM, Rua Dr.
An approach to overcoming this limitation is the combination of polymers with the ceramics to form composite materials [1,2].
Materials and methods HA was prepared by a precipitation method at 40 o C using reagent grade Ca(OH)2, (NH4)2HPO4 as the starting materials, then the HA precipitates were heat-treated at 800 o C for 3h.
Acknowledgments The authors would like to thank the research fund of Science and Technology Department of Zhejiang province, China (11106225) and the FCT for the financial support through the project entitled "Interactive calcium-phosphate based materials prepared by post-hybridisation and in situ hybridisation", Ref.
Hench: Journal of American Ceramic Society, 81(1998), p.1705 [2] M.

It is the most popular way to strengthen glass because of the low cost of the materials, the simplicity of the necessary equipment and the ease of the processing [2].
Sada, A trip in the history and evolution of ion-exchange process, Materials science and engineering B. 149 (2008) 112-117
[3] Zhenlin Wang, Chemical tempering process and characterization of Na-Ca-Si glass, Advanced Materials Research. 239(2011) 1809-1812
Stress relaxation of ion exchanged float aluminosilicate glass at different temperature, Advanced Materials Research. 650(2013) 216-219
Fossa, Physical properties of silicate glasses doped with SnO2, Journal of Non-Crystal Solids. 351(2005) 3870-3878

Introduction Functional gradient material (FGM) is a new type of composite materials which is made of mixture of ceramic and metal. 
The results  indicate that the changes of thermophysical properties of materials will affect the load response strongly.
Physical parameters of functional gradient materials Consider a functional gradient material shallow conical shell of which the upper surface is made of ceramics, the lower surface of which is made of metal, and the middle part is made of mixture of these two kinds of materials as shown in Fig.1(a).
(a) (b) Fig.1 Geometry and load of FGM shallow conical shells Functional gradient materials (FGMs) belong to inhomogeneous material and its components change with the space coordinates.
Nonlinear Dynamic Stability of Functionally Graded Cylindrical Shells Under Step Loads, Journal of South China University of Technology (Natural Science Edition), 2009, 37(12):132 – 139.

Materials and experimental 2.1 Materials The cement used in this study was type I/II 42.5 Portland cement, its compressive strength of 3d and 28d are 29.3MPa and 53.4MPa respectively.
Liquid organic compound MS-601 corrosion inhibitor and JS type capillary / crystalline waterproofing materials (CCWM) were also used.
Acknowledgements Project supported by the Beijing Natural Science Foundation (No. 8100001).
Guangdong Building Materials, 2007(11):38-41 [5] J.J.
International Journal of Minerals Metallurgy and Materials, 2012,01:38-47

When sample thickness is less than probe spacing, it is expected that dual configuration Four-Point Probe technique can be used in nondestructive evaluation of plant equipment materials.
A & B): � (resistivity) = Ka x Ra x t x F(t/S), (2) where Ka : -14.696 + 25.173(Ra/Rb) - 7.872(Ra/Rb)� , 1.20 ≤ Ra/Rb ≤ 1.32, Ra=Va/I, Rb=Vb/I, t: thickness, F�(D) : diameter or dimensional correction factor, F(t/S) : correction factor for thickness against probe spacing, Fsp : correction factor probe spacing variations high resistivity materials seriously, but not in conductor materials.
When sample thickness is smaller than the probe spacing, it is expected that dual configuration Four-Point Probe technique can be used in nondestructive evaluation of plant equipment materials.
[3] Seung-Hoon Nahm, Jeong-Min Kim, Jong-Seo Park, Kwang-Min Yu, Dong-Kyun Kim, Amkee Kim and Dong-Jin Kim, Key Engineering Materials Vols. 270-273(2004), p. 1212-1217
Smits, The Bell system technical journal(1958) p. 711-718

Broad application of TiO2 is owing to its excellent chemical and physical properties such as nontoxic, good thermal stability, biologically and chemically inert, inexpensive materials and photoactively stable over extended period of application [5].
Kumbhar, Journal of Nanoparticle Research 7 (2005) 499-506
Kim, Applied Surface Science 257 (2011) 2489–2493
Li, Journal of Hazardous Materials 165 (2009) 306-316
He, and C.Li, Applied Surface Science 258 (2012) 5031-5037

Rubber materials, as a type of excellent and easily obtainable materials, are widely used in the military industry [1].
Aging and Application of Synthetic Materials, 2019, 48 (04): 1-4+43
Aging and Application of Synthetic Materials, 2013 (1): 1-5
Aging and Application of Synthetic Materials, 2018, 47 (05): 11-14
Energy containing Materials, 2018, 26 (02): 156-160