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Alharbi et. al [6] simulated the stress-strain behaviour of 3D printed polylactic acid tensile test specimen and compared with the experimental data and found a good agreement between the results of numerical analysis and experiment with minimal deviation.
The stress-strain behaviour obtained through the numerical analysis (450.6 MPa) is in good agreement with the experimental data (450 MPa) obtained by Cabezas, and Celentano [15].
As the tensile specimen is fixed at one end and other end is constrained with a pure axial force and a twisting force, the mid-section of the specimen yields the higher stresses increasing von-Mises stress and a reduction in fatigue life [20].
No Imperfection Amplitude Equivalent Stress (MPa) Equivalent Strain Fatigue Life (cycles) 1. 0 337.6 0.00152 7.73 × 105 2. 0.001 360.5 0.00173 1.588 × 105 3. 0.002 435.3 0.00197 5.511 × 104 From the data (table 5), it is evident that imposing very small imperfection in the structure causes significant increase in stress and strain in the structure.

The software Vision64TM was used to acquire the data and compute the mean surface roughness (Ra, Rq and Rz expressed in μm) on each image.
Having preliminarily checked that data distribution was normal in each experimental group (p>0.05) and that group variances were homogeneous (p>0.05) (Kolmogorov–Smirnov test and Levene’s test, respectively), the one-way ANOVA was applied to verify the existence of statistically significant between-group differences, followed by the Tukey’s test for post hoc comparisons (Bonferroni corrected) at a level of significance of a=0.05.
Recent literature data show conflicting results whether surface roughness of nanofilled composites really influence biofilm formation, and it seems that the statement and the identified threshold of 0.2 μm was only true until the previous generation of microhybrid composites [12].
Dissolution of inorganic fillers occurs due to to the presence of hydrofluoric acid which comprised by hydrogen and fluoride ions in APF gel, leading to reduction in surface microhardness [20].

Introduction With stricter environmental standards and a reduction in the use of fossil fuels in the future, renewable energy heating is becoming increasingly important.
Numerical Simulation Data The constants used for numerical resolution of the problem studied are [13]: · Heat exchange coefficient hc=8,12 W.m-2 .k-1; · Ambient air temperature Tair=28°C ; · Fluid inlet temperature Te = 60 ° C; · Reynolds number Re = 500; · Step of incrementing time Δt = 10s.
The data of the calculation grid in both fluid-structure subdomains are presented in Table 3: Table. 3.
Data of the calculation grid in the numerical modeling of fluid-structure thermal coupling.

Localization of a positron in an open-volume defect causes a reduction of positron annihilations with high momentum core electrons and leads to an increase of the S parameter.
The out-of-plane lattice constant for the first and the second generation grains determined from fitting of XRD data is plotted in Fig. 6a as a function of hydrogen concentration in the film.
XRD data for the polycrystalline and the epitaxial Pd film loaded with hydrogen are shown in Figs. 7 and 8, respectively.
Since VEPAS data did not show any increase of defect concentration in this range of hydrogen concentrations the stress release is likely caused by rearrangement of misfit dislocations existing already in the film.

Three roughness configurations have been investigated, and the results have been compared with data for a smooth disk.
Convergence is achieved when both of the following criteria have been met: (a) reduction in all residuals of five orders of magnitude, and (b) no observable change in surface temperature prediction for an additional 30 iterations.
The temperature readings are then transferred to a data logger.
The instrument to record voltage and current, and data logger to record thermocouple readings are on a stationary table neat to the test stand.

Table 2 shows the composition of the residues of three typical MBT systems.Also included in the data are dry lower heating values of this RDF-5.
However, it still needs further treatment to produce RDF of proper size reduction and compaction.
Table 8 Emissions of CO and NOx in the flue gas for RDF-5 combustion Components RDF-5 (15:85) RDF-5 (20:80) MSW [34] Standard [35] 600 oC 700 oC 800 oC 600 oC 700 oC 800 oC CO (ppm) 71 172 218 82 208 224 321 690 NOx (ppm) 1.00 2.67 5.33 1.17 4.33 7.00 18 250 Remark: The values shown are averaged from triplicate samples taken Table 9 A comparisons of energy production costs between RDF-5 and other fuels using Thailand data is shown in Table 8.
Fuel type Cost (฿/ton) HHV (MJ/ton) Per unit cost (฿/MJ) RDF-5 (15:85) 677.20 45,347 0.014 RDF-5 (20:80) 648.94 47,112 0.013 Bagasse[36] 806.90 31,131 0.033 Paddy Husk[36] 1,150.00 28,390 0.049 Lignite[37] 750.00 16,748 0.045 Bituminous[37] 1,300.00 25,104 0.053 Remark: The calculations are based on fuel cost in Thailand (2009).Exchange rate: 32.8023 ฿/USD, 39.2188 ฿/EUR.The exchange rates reference as the Krung Thai Bank Public Company Limited effective data on March, 2010.

The first-order constant (k) for SS removal was higher for the BAF using lower air superficial velocity than the case of using higher air superficial velocity (data are not shown).
The specific deposit data achieved the maximum accumulation (12043, 7592 and 4887 g/m3) at the air superficial velocity of 5.4 m/hr in the bottom three layers of 0-50, 50-100, and 100-150 cm.
The data indicates a clear trend: for almost the same mass of total solids deposited (shown in Fig.4), the distribution of the mass deposits with higher air superficial velocities showed relatively uneven.
This result indicates that even though the headloss in the whole filter changed slightly, there would be a growth of the headloss in the top section but a reduction in the bottom section as the air detachment, resulting in a decline of the difference between the headloss along the filter height.

The XRD data showed that no oxide was formed under the heat treatment process.
Fig. 10 (a) Transient photocurrent data of CuS, CdS and 1% CuS/CdS under visible light irradiation.
The data presented in this study may be useful for the development of a low-cost and efficient catalyst for the photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants in aqueous environment.
Grace, Enhanced visible-light photocatalytic reduction of organic pollutant and electrochemical properties of CuS catalyst, Powder Technol. 279 (2015) 209-220

The benefits of utilising nano particles as additives in refrigeration and air conditioning systems include increased thermal conductivity and viscosity, which leads to a reduction in system energy consumption.
For each case, experiments were repeated for at least 3 times to have sensitive data collection, and data were averaged for the analyses.
The study's data points are the average of three subsequent sample readings.

From the cluster approach, the spin-orbit coupling coefficients ζ and ζ', the orbital reduction factors k and k' and the dipolar hyperfine structure parameters P and P' can be expressed as [19]: ζ = N t (ζd 0 + λt 2 ζ p0 /2) , ζ' = (N t N e) 1/2 (ζd 0 − λ t λ e ζ p 0 /2) , k = N t (1 + λt 2/2 ) , k' = (N t N e) 1/2 [1−λt (λ e + λsA)/2] , P = Nt P0 , P' = (Nt N e) 1/2 P0
Obviously, they are in poor agreement with the experimental data, particularly the theoretical anisotropy gy − gx (≈ 0.01) is two order in magnitude smaller than the observed result (≈ 1.5 [11]).
Substituting the related parameters into Eq. 4 and fitting again the calculated g factors to the experimental data, we obtain ∆R ≈ 5.4%.
Discussion Table 1 reveals that the calculation results (Cal. e) of the spin Hamiltonian parameters for the Co 2+ center in CaTiO3 show reasonable agreement with the experimental data, by considering the local (planar) bond length variation ∆R and the J-admixtures based on the 6 × 6 energy matrix containing the contributions from ligand orbitals and spin-orbit coupling and the fourth-order orthorhombic crystal-field parameter Dη.