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omenclature AFM Atomic Force Microscopy Ag/AgCl/sat.KCl A silver/silver chloride/aq.saturated KCl electrode cm-1 The unit of wavenumbers (the number of waves per cm) E 0 The standard redox (oxidation-reduction) potential E eqredox The equilibrium redox (oxidation-reduction) potential Ev s The energy of the top of the valence band at the TiO2 surface ESR Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy e − An electron in the conduction band Flat-band potential (Ufb) The electrode potential at which the electronic bands of asemiconductor electrode are flat FTIR Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy h+ A photogenerated hole in the valence band 1H-NMR Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy IPCE Incident Photon to Current Efficiency j The photocurrent density K The unit of the absolute temperature (Kelvin) LEED Low Energy Electron Diffraction MIR-IR Multiple internal reflection FTIR spectroscopy NHE The normal hydrogen
Theoretically, the estimation of O-2p levels for surface O species by use of UPS data [59-62] has led to the conclusion that Eq. 1 is energetically implausible, as discussed later in detail.
O-2p levels for Ti-OH-Ti and Ti-OH at the TiO2 (rutile) surface estimated from UPS data, compared with the valence band of TiO2 (rutile) at pH 0, redox potentials E 0(Ti-OH/Ti •OH +), E 0(H2O/•OH,H +), and E 0(OH −/•OH), and O-2p levels for OH −aq and H2Oaq estimated by photoelectron emission from aqueous solutions.
Data Vol. 18 (1989), p. 1637

Based on the results of the analysis of mechanical test data, visual and radiographic control, impermeability tests and metallographic studies of welded joints, the appropriate modes of laser welding of plugs have been determined.
IAEA data evidence about the same situation around the world [24] In the middle part the body of SG is welded with two vertical collectors of the primary circuit, designed for connection with 11000 pieces of heat exchange pipes (HEPs), bent into U-shaped coil-pipes [22].
The increase in idle HEPs leads to both significant financial losses and a decrease in the efficiency of operation of the units due to the reduction of the heat transfer surface.
A comparison of the data shows that the fracture stress for annular butt welds of the “plate-pipe” type of AISI 321 (pipe) and AISI 316Ti (plate) steels are not less than 80% of the fracture stress of the main pipe material (AISI 321 steels).

They found that the conductivity model compared to other models shows good agreement with the experimental data found in the literature.
They found that the Nguyen experimental data and Brinkman model gives completely different predictions for where the difference in prediction of Nusselt number could more than 30%.
Fig.3. shows the comparison calculated results with experimental data of [47] a numerical study of [48] , and Shah Equation [49].
This figure shows that the results show a good agreement with the experimental data for [47] and numerical study of [48].
Angue Mintsa, Temperature and particle-size dependent viscosity data for water-based nanofluids – Hysteresis phenomenon, International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow, 28 (2007) 1492-1506

Depending on the nature of the problem, the modeling aims, and the data available, the appropriate modeling approach can be selected.
Second, the required data should be collected, such as water levels and soil properties.
Then, the conceptual model should be prepared, including assigning data to the model and defining boundary conditions.
Next, the computer code can be run for the calibration process to reduce the difference between the measured and calculated data.
Otherwise, the modeler should proceed to the next step, namely model verification, to check the feasibility of the model for any set of data.

The data sheet parameters of the Kyocera KG200GT solar cell alongside with the numerical outcome obtained in ref [23] were utilized in this study.
Meanwhile, the data sheet parameter alongside with the numerical outcomes are presented in Table A in the appendices.
In peer-to-peer control technique, each micro-source controller must be able to respond viably to system changes with no data requirement from other sources or locations.
Saha, "Comparative study of harmonics reduction and power factor enhancement of six and 12-pulses HVDC system using passive and shunt APFs harmonic filters," in 2018 International Conference on the Domestic Use of Energy (DUE), 2018, pp. 1-10
Saha, "The Impacts of Harmonics Reduction on THD Analysis in HVDC Transmission System using Three-phase Multi-Pulse and higher Level Converters," in 2019 Southern African Universities Power Engineering Conference/Robotics and Mechatronics/Pattern Recognition Association of South Africa (SAUPEC/RobMech/PRASA), 2019, pp. 444-449

Phase diagram for Li3AlH6, drawn from the data of Konovalov et al. [14].
(For LiBH4 the notation I, II, III.... will be used in order to simplify a comparison with literature data.)
No high-pressure data are yet available for this material, not for any other mixed borohydrides.
No experimental data are available, although Hu et al. [59] refer to unpublished work by Lipinska-Kalita et al.
The only available data are provided by Hu et al. [63], who recently carried out DFT calculations for Mg(AlH4)2.

The most common method to describe magnetostrictive material behavior has been by obtaining polynomial fits to data.
For example, Benbouzid et al. [19] used surface splines to fit experimental data while Kannan and Dasgupta [8] used constitutive relations in an incremental form with coefficients obtained from bi-cubic spline fits to measurements.
It is then used to model the steady state dynamic response of a Terfenol-D engine mount actuator.0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0 20 40 60 80 100 Tip displacement (microns) Time (s) 0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 −0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 Current (A) Time (s) Model Data Error (a) 0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0 20 40 60 80 Tip displacement (microns) Time (s) 0 0.02 0.04 0.06 −0.5 0 0.5 1 Time (s) Current (A) Model Data Error (b) 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0 20 40 60 Tip displacement (microns) Time (s) 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 −1 −0.5 0 0.5 1 Current (A) Time (s) Model Data Error (c) 0 0.005 0.01 0.015 0.02 −20 0 20 40 60 80 100 Tip displacement (microns) Time (s) 0 0.005 0.01 0.015 0.02 −1.5 −1 −0.5 0 0.5 1 Time (s) Current (A) Model Data Error (d) Fig. 3: From top to bottom, tip displacement and current drawn under harmonic excitation of: (a) 10 Hz, (b) 50 Hz, (c) 100 Hz, and (d) 200 Hz, respectively.Axisymmetric finite element formulation
−80 −60 −40 −20 0 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 Stress (MPa) Strain (ppm) 0 100 200 300 400 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 Magnetostriction (ppm) Field (kA/m) Data Model Fig. 4: Comparison of the proposed anhysteretic energy averaged model with measurements by Moffett et al. [26].
Thus, as expected, reduction in seal friction can significantly improve the unloaded stroke of the actuator.

Experimental data also show that on real surfaces under ambient conditions the nano-friction depends on the parameters of the environment, such as temperature and humidity [80].
We have therfore developed our own model, (shown in the following section) which describes and explains well the experimental data.
This prediction is in very good agreement with the experimental data.
In the central part, there is a substantial reduction of tip friction over the surface covered with gold NRs when transverse ultrasonic (out-of-the-plane) vibrations are excited.
The bouncing of an inertial tip results in an effective reduction of its pressure on a surface.

When the grinding time exceeds 100 min, the particle size reduction rate of iron tailings powder slowly declines, and it is prone to the micro agglomeration effect.
The activity of iron tailings is lower than that of fly ash, and the reduction of fly ash content reduces the activity of raw materials, reduces the formation of geopolymer colloids, and also affects the final strength.
The response surface methodology data were statistically analyzed by Design Expert 8.0 software.
According to the experimental data, the binary regression equation of the response surface coding form is: Y=33.7-0.96A-0.80B+1.69C-1.83AB-2.44AC-0.12BC-2.44A2-2.21B2-2.40C2#1 The binary regression equation of response surface transformed into an actual value is: Y=-73.35032+1.14348A+243.85795B+1.01964C-0.91625AB-0.0061125AC-.00610843A2-220.649054B2-0.00600236C2#2 Taking the maximum compressive strength as the index, the extreme point of the response surface model is obtained by solving the extreme value of the regression model.
After each freeze-thaw cycle of 25 times, 3 specimens were selected for mass loss and compressive strength measurement, and their average value was used as the final test data.

To create nanoparticles with a uniform size distribution using this technique, all that is required is to submerge a metal precursor solution in a reduction solution [56].
The data obtained indicate that doxorubicin carried by silica nanoparticles and coated with chitosan (SNP-CH-DOX-CM) will associate with the cytoplasm, showing the level of internalization and intracellular distribution, as well as co-localized doxorubicin release spread and accumulation in the nucleus.
The use of SNP-CH-DOX-CM nanoparticles as a treatment resulted in a significant reduction in both the volume and weight of the tumor.
Bray et al., “Cancer in sub-Saharan Africa in 2020: a review of current estimates of the national burden, data gaps, and future needs,” Lancet Oncol., vol. 23, no. 6, pp. 719–728, 2022, doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(22)00270-4
Data Collect., vol. 41, no.