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Once again, the mass gain is more important for the specimen firsly pack-cemented before being coated with yttria whereas the addition of the doping element before the packcementation treatment leads to the reduction of the mass gain.
The kp values calculated for an alloy simply aluminised alloy from the thermogravimetric data are similar to those obtained by numerous researchers [8,9,14,39] who have also identified the α-Al2O3 phase in the oxide scales formed on alumina-forming alloys.

This is because of a requirement for high efficiency and reliability for machines and structures, a long-term employment of facilities beyond their original design lifetimes in advance due to the difficulty of their replacements, such as ageing facilities that have exceeded 10 8 cycles, and also the need of lightweight components used the high strength materials for reduction of the environmental loads to the globe.
Although a large amount of fatigue data has been reported in the form of S-N curves, data in the literature is invariably limited to testing period up to 10 7 to 10 8 cycles.

Many other advantages have been found for the enzymatic process like simple separation of the catalyst and recycle it, reduction of the energy consumed, simple separation of the glycerol byproduct, and no loss of the product due to the saponification reaction [10-11].
Design of Box-Behnken method was adopted due to small number of experiments needed for calculating the lack of fit in the experimental data.
The values of pure and residual errors was found very low indicating that the experimental data is reproducible and the model educate to characterize the connection between the dependent and independent parameters. 3.2.

Nigeria - Energy Mix for Electrification: Source: World Bank Data (2014) Fig. 3.
Data from 2021 showed that the fraction of the Nigerian population with access to clean energy and technologies for cooking was about 16.8%.
Figure 6 shows the trend of data over the years.
The UNDP Africa Regional Energy Programme for Poverty Reduction is dedicated to decentralized energy solutions that extend beyond the basic needs of communities.
The project has also provided data regarding bidding/market structures and different technology performances, which can help establish more efficient future projects.

From the comparison of the model results with experimental data we can conclude on the importance of the different influence factors on creep in thin films. 2 Discrete dislocation model A model of diffusional creep in a thin film geometry with a single grain boundary is set up here.
If both kinds of grain boundaries are present, which must be assumed in "real" polycrystals, those which can account for the furthest reduction of the stress level will determine the flow stress.
Kozma, in: Handbook of Grain and Interface Boundary Diffusion Data, Vol. 1, Ziegler Press, Stuttgart, Germany, 1989, pp. 380-390

Cho and Hong [28] predicted the initial interfacial heat transfer coefficient (IHTC) value at the lateral mould surface to be 1000 Wm-2K-1 and this value conformed to their experimentally measured data.
Generally, the current model can be said to be efficient and robust since it matched experimental data curve with a striking resemblance and hence, the model is validated.
As a result, slower heat transfer rate due to lower thermal gradient led to reduction in rate at which fraction decreases.

Their use in LHTS is bounded because of their significant cost and limited data on their thermo-physical properties [12, 64]. 3.3 Advantages and drawbacks of PCMs The advantages and drawbacks of different types of PCMs [5, 38, 39, 43, 65, 69, 70] are compared in table 5.
conventional building material (i.e. cement, brick, gypsum…) § Shows no phase segregation § Chemically stable § High heat of fusion § Safe and non-reactive § Recyclable § Low thermal conductivity (average 0.2 W/mK) § Low to moderate volumetric latent heat storage capacity § Moderately flammable § Not compatible with plastic containers (Paraffins) § Corrosive to steel (Fatty acids) Inorganic § High latent heat storage per volume unit (~ 350 MJ/m3) § Higher thermal conductivity than organic (between 0.5-1 W/mK) § Low cost and readily available § Low environmental impact § Potentially recyclable § Non-flammable § Sharp phase change § Corrosive to metals § Supercooling § Irritant § High vapor pressure § Low durability § Moderate chemical stability § Phase segregation § Incongruent melting § High volume change Eutectic § Sharp melting points § Properties can be customized for specific requirements § High volumetric thermal storage capacity § High cost § Limited data
The use of PCM showed a reduction in peak temperatures, damping indoor temperature fluctuations and lowers usage time of heating and cooling systems.

Despite their promising potential, nanoantennas still face several technical challenges, such as the optimization of impedance matching, reduction of power loss, and enhancement of material durability under real-world conditions.
Current research lacks sufficient empirical data from large-scale simulations or experimental tests, and quantifiable results on energy efficiency or economic feasibility are still needed.
This absence of precise data is a significant barrier to understanding the true potential of nanoantennas for large-scale architectural integration.

Ecological or bio-based materials proved to be an interesting alternative to conventional building materials, thanks to their hygroscopic capacity as well as their thermal insulation quality, they contribute to a reduction in energy consumption and ensure thermal comfort in winter and summer.
This study will provide the scientific data needed to understand thermal comfort enjoyed by shell hutches in a dry tropical climate where temperatures often reach 45 °C.
The coefficients k and n are determined from the experimental data The statistical parameters are defined as Eq. 4 and Eq. 5: R2=1-i=1Nweqexp,i- weqcal,i2i=1Nweqexp,i- weqcal,i2 (4) E(%)=100Ni=1Nweqexp,i- weqcal,iweqexp,i (5) With, weqexp,i  : experimental equilibrium water content (kg/kg d.b), weqcal,i : predicted equilibrium water content (kg/kg d.b), weqcal,i : predicted average water content, N: Number of experimental points.

The data showed similar pH values for all samples indicating all samples were experiencing the same hydration progression.
A similar result was reported by [42], the reduction of carbonation depth due to the presence of ESP which reduces the number of pores in the concrete.
Available online at: http://www.fao.org/ faostat/en/#data/QL (accessed November 5, 2020) [22] A.L.