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Dry-WEDM with holds the functions of, High accuracy, Small reaction force, Decrease of dielectrics and Cost reduction.
[11] V.Janardhan & G.I.Samuel, Pulse train data analysis to investigate the effects of machining parameters on the performance of wire-electro discharge turning process, Int.

Weight loss measurement was done after the dipping test to observe any reduction of steel sample after dipping, which indicates the reaction and the formation of intermetallic phases as a result of the diffusion and loosing of Fe to the aluminum and cause the die soldering defect.
United States of America: Library Congress cataloging in Publication Data, 2003, pp. 1-183

In addition, it affects the organization and rearrangement of the components in the films causing a reduction or loss of transparency of the films [10].
The FTIR spectra provides reliable data on the functional groups and interactions of the components in the films via the bonding vibrations [13, 21].

Fig. 6(c) shows the Tafel plot results from LSV data processing.
Vij et al., “Nickel-based electrocatalysts for energy-related applications: Oxygen reduction, oxygen evolution, and hydrogen evolution reactions,” ACS Catal., vol. 7, no. 10, pp. 7196–7225, 2017, doi: 10.1021/acscatal.7b01800

For the purpose of evaluating the rate constants at different temperatures in “diffusion-controlled step”, the data in Fig. 4 are fitted according to parabolic law, Eq. 2, as the dashed lines showing: x2 - x02 = 2kpt
Ao, The Correlation between the Reduction of Interface State Density at the SiO2/SiC Interface and the NO Post-oxide-annealing Conditions, Mater.

It has been reported that the implication of this traditional practice increases the cost when involving single and low volume production, which requires specialized equipment, reduction of multiple labor intensive steps of mold making, cheap refractory and binder materials.
However, RP process inherits low accuracy and surface roughness issues due to the staircase effect and tessellation of CAD data.

Table 2: Summary of data sets of investigated hardfacing samples.
A reduction of hard phase content improves wear rate only in a slightly way what means that other parameters may have a more pronounced effect under impact/abrasion regime.

Physico-mechanical properties Table 3: Physio-mechanical properties of EPDM/ATH nanocomposites Properties Units MEA0 MEA 1 MEA 3 MEA 5 MEA 10 100%modulus Kg/cm2 51 52 52 55 56 200%modulus Kg/cm2 54 55 56 58 60 Tensile Strength Kg/cm2 58 58 62 65 69 Elongation at break % 220 260 350 370 380 Hardness Shore A 75 76 76 77 77 Tear Strength (Kg/cm) 34 37 37 39 40 From the above data, tensile strength increases, as the dosage of nano ATH increases, this may be due to the reinforcement phenomenon due to interfacial interaction between the EPDM matrices and dispersed nano ATH.
On the other hand, lowering of degradation temperatures in all steps is mostly observed for synthesized nano ATH that supports the reduction in particle size compared to conventional ATH.

Thermo-mechanical controlled processing with high reductions can be employed to achieve grain sizes around a micrometer scale in low-carbon steels (e.g., a recent review [1]), but severe plastic deformation (SPD) is a route to generate even nanocrystalline structures (e.g. [2, 3]).
Initiation of cracking The initiation of a crack was detected for some stainless steel specimens and the data are inserted in Figs. 6 and 7.

. >10X RMS roughness reduction is evidenced.
In this case more than 60000 data points are reported with a one sigma thickness deviation of 0.16 nm and a range of 0.91 nm.