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In comparison to RC buildings reinforced entirely with steel rebars, a reduction of the residual roof drift reaching 50% was observed for the variant with SMA rebars.
The applied ground motions could be either natural earthquake records or artificially generated data.
The reduction ratio exceeds 88% for the Canadian building and 75% for the Moroccan building.

This observation is confirmed by the data of semi-quantitative analysis, according to which Ti content in samples 1 (Nb/Cu-Sn-0.24Ti), 2 (Nb-1.11Ti/Cu-Sn) and 6 (Nb-1.75Ti/Cu-Sn) is 0.63 at.%, 1.25 at.% and 1.48 at.% respectively.
However, according to the data given in Table 2, the higher Ti content in the superconducting layers has not improved the Jc, but on the contrary, it got lower.
But in this case, at higher temperatures, when the outflow of Sn from the interface is faster, the columnar grains must predominate, which is not the case and contradicts to the data of [78].
None of these arguments seem completely satisfactory and reliable, because according to our data the columnar grains are retained in the last portions of the residual Nb and do not decompose into the equiaxed ones.
But more accurate analysis of the Nb3Sn grain sizes can be done based on the data of TEM studies and is given below.

From the available data on Ti-Nb-based SMA, there is no uniqueness in indexing some martensite peaks.
Fig. 22d presents the data on the widths of the X-ray diffraction lines of the β-phase in the Ti-Nb-Ta alloy taken at RT after cold deformation by rolling with a reduction to e = 0.26 and PDA at a temperature from 450 to 900°C.
Then, the average values of the cross-sectional area and the depth of the track are calculated from the data obtained.
Table 4 presents summarized measurements data including the initial (Е0) and steady-state (Е∞) potentials of alloys and the maximum shift value (ΔЕ = Е∞ – Е0) under the exposure to the solutions.
On the face of it, this contradicts the data of the OCP curve measurement, according to which the alloy tends to self-passivation under exposure.

The grey theory, first proposed by Deng [49]), avoids the inherent defects of conventional, statistical methods and only requires a limited amount of data to estimate the behavior of an uncertain system.
They constitute a systematic method concerning the planning of experiments, collection and analysis of data with near-optimum use of available resources.
However, data to be used in Grey analysis must be preprocessed into quantitative indices to normalize raw data for further analysis.
Preprocessing raw data is a process of converting an original sequence into a decimal sequence between 0.00 and 1.00 for comparison.
Mills, Data Selection for Turning Carbon Steel using a Fuzzy Logic Approach, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, Vol.135, pp.44-58. (2003) [47].

Zhao, A BIM-Based construction and demolition waste information management system for greenhouse gas quantification and reduction , J.
Data, 11 (2019) 1675‑1710. https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-11-1675-2019 [14] China energy efficiency report, accessed on: 8 octobre 2022.
https://www.cityservices.act.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0011/1387136/MITS-07-Segmental-Paving-1-0.pdf (Accessed on 15 December 2022).

The open circles (red) are inelastic neutron scattering data from Sangster et al. [40].
The data in crossed symbols are derived from current AIMD simulations, the open symbols are from the XAFS measurement with details in [68].
Figure 11: (a) Calculated (CV(ω), solid line) Cp/T3 together with the measured Cp/T3 data (open circles) for BiFeO3.
are shown in Figure 23, which depicts a fair agreement between the calculated and experimental ionic conductivity data.
Figure 23: The ionic conductivity of Li ions as a function of temperature, in comparison with the experimentally-measured data.

When the same detection has been carried out using only gold nanoparticles the lowest concentration of influenza A were found to be 4 X 10 -1 HAU/mL, from this experimental data it has concluded that Gold/ Platinum -latex nanocomposite probe s are more sensitive than the gold nanoparticles conventional probes.
Reduction of graphene oxide Reduced graphene oxide is one such type of graphene that has been preferred for biosensor use.
The reduction is also done electrochemical in bulk.
The advantages of this method of reduction such as the production of large quantities of graphene, low cost, high yield, very stable colloidal formation and simple process.

Actually, they work as devices that contribute to the reduction in the average number of solutions to be searched [2], aid in finding an easy path to the answer in complex problems [5], and focus attention on the most relevant aspects of the problem [6].
In the creation of this methodology, Altshuller focused his studies in the analysis of creative products, basing his analysis in the data banks of worldwide patentes.
The main changes in this methods were the elimination of specific engineering heuristics, the reduction of the smallest number of rules and tools and the replacement of knowledge by pure thought.
The abstraction level of the heuristics was not considered as a criterion of elimination, which caused the inclusion of general design concepts (exemplified by Heuristics 1.12, 1.13, 1.15, 1.16, and 2.18) but also specific questions in the engineering area (such as Heuristics 1.10, 2.16, 6.18, and 6.19, that focus on the reduction of costs and waste generation).

The mathematical models describe the polycrystalline behavior of the shape memory alloys considering thermodynamic micro-macro simplifications of the phenomena that occur during the SMA phase changes, using data obtained experimentally to complement the mathematical models proposed.
Due to the transfer of the load from the matrix to the reinforcement, the phase change occurs along all the NiTi, so, from the fact that martensite presents a deformation (high ductility) bigger than the austenitic phase, the reduction in the diameter of the thread occurs in different points in the interior of the matrix, causing the detachment to initiate.
The different treatments (chemical, physical and mechanical) done on the shape memory alloys, generate different surface finishing, contributing to the reduction or increase of the adhesion between the polymeric matrix and the NiTi metallic reinforcement.
Couplings, bonds and junctions are developed with these alloys, due, mainly, to the weight reduction (junctions in planes), facility of installation in hard access, trusted reliability, good resistance to shock and vibrations, and the possibility of posterior disassembly (unlike union by welding).

According to the data obtained from studies, up to 1km3 of toxic electroplating effluents containing 50 thousand tons of heavy metals are discharged into the environment.
The electro-flotation process is much more efficient in the presence of non-ionic flocculants (N-300 in Figure 3 shows the experimental data) [20].
The reduction of Cr (VI) from a synthetic chromium solution can be within the legal limit if the treatment was 20 to 60 minutes, the range for an electric potential of 20 to 40 V, and pH of 3 [5].
It is seen from the experimental data calculation and different studies the electrocoagulation process was economically not feasible in terms of energy and electrode requirement compared to electro-flotation due to the high energy and electrode requirement during heavy metal ion recovery from electroplating effluents. 3.5 Environmental aspects of Electro-flotation and Electro-coagulation processes As it was observed from the experimental study of this work, the amount of sludge formed and disposed of electro-flotation recovery of heavy metal ions was not as much as in the case of the electrocoagulation process.