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Ramesh3,c 1 Department of Manufacturing and Materials Engineering, International Islamic University of Malaysia (IIUM), PO Box 10, 50728 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 2 Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Technology MARA Malaysia (UiTM), Shah Alam, Malaysia 3Centre of Advanced Manufacturing & Materials Processing (AMMP), Department of Engineering Design and ManufactureUniversity of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia asopyan@iium.edu.my, bmardziahcm@yahoo.com, cramesh79@um.edu.my Keywords: Porous, hydroxyapatite, polymeric sponge method, ceramic scaffolds, strontium doping, mechanical properties Abstract.
The increasing interest in porous ceramics is associated mainly with some specific properties, like high specific surface area, high permeability, low density and low thermal conductivity.
A Lloyd LR10K mechanical tester with 10 kN load cells was used for the compression mechanical tests.
Sintering at 1300°C may cause substantial growth to occur, therefore strongly affect the mechanical properties.
For medical application, this fact is important since porosity represents one of the main factors defining bioactivity.

The experiments carried out and show a significant effect of these types of processing on the surface quality and the provision of the initial various physical and mechanical properties of the processed materials.
In addition to these factors, it is necessary to take into account the properties of the material itself, subjected to mechanical processing.
The optimal cutting conditions were achieved during the main experiments and correspond to the values ​​of variable factors: V = 141 m/min; I = 2.4 A.
The change in voltage in the electrical circuit during blade anode-mechanical processing also affects the roughness of the treated surface.
Factors affecting the technological capabilities of sintered metal-ceramic materials in the process of blade finishing.

There are many factors that affect the cutting force, such as the performance of the workpiece material, cutting speed, usage of the cutting fluid, etc.
At present, there are too few simulations researches on the factors influencing the drilling force during the drilling process of vermicular graphite cast iron at home and abroad.
In this paper, some domestic and foreign research literatures on the factors influencing the drilling force in the process of cast iron drilling are introduced.
The mechanical properties of RuT450 are shown in Table 1, The material of the drill bit is the cemented carbide YT15, the mechanical properties of which are shown in Table 2.
RuT450 performance parameters.[17] Properties Parameter Elasticity Modulus (MPa) 1.45x105 Poisson ratio 0.3 Thermal conductivity (T·mm²/s²·℃) 36 Thermal expansivity (1 /℃) 1.37x105 Table 2.

Introduction Properties that describe crack initiation and propagation, under variable load, are the most important for the exploitation safety of welded structures.
Fatigue cracks initiation on smooth and homogenous shapes, due to the local stress concentration on inevitable constructional crossings and cross-section changes, can’t be described with the simple dependences of load, stress, material properties and cross-section dimension.
The choice was made according to the base material properties and thickness and the chosen welding procedure [4], according to the ACRONI Jesenice catalogue recommendations.
The mechanical properties and the chemical composition of the delivered sheet metal and the chosen electrode are given in Table 1 [4].
Mechanical properties and chemical composition of Nionikral-70 and Tenacito-75 Batch Nionikral-70 Testing direction Yield strength, Rp0,2, [MPa], min.

Considering the factors of microstructure, 600 °C is determined to be the best semi-solid forming temperature.
In many cases, materials in the form of powders are usually compacted through extrusion[1], hot rolling[2-4] , hot pressing [5], spark plasma sintering [6] and plasma activated sintering [7] to acquire fine microstructures with unique properties.However, it should be noted that the previous work only focused on a lower forming temperature compared with that in semi-solid rolling.The semi-solid processes involve high temperature applications affecting the microstructure of the strips, and thus altering mechanical properties.
Results and discussion Powders properties Fig.1.
Radchenko, Mechanical properties of green compacts II effect of powder relative bulk density on the strength of compacts with different forming temperature conditions, Powder Metallurgy and Metal Ceramics 43 (2004) 552-563
Li, Preferential orientation and thermoelectric properties of p-type Bi0.4Sb1.6Te3 system alloys by mechanical alloying and equal channel angular extrusion, J.

The microstructure and mechanical properties of the samples were evaluated by XRD, SEM, hardness and tensile tests.
The microstructure and mechanical properties of this new steel have been investigated.
Evaluation of Mechanical Properties.
Retained austenite carbon content increases its stability which causes the improvement of mechanical properties.
The microstructural characteristics including bainite plate thickness, the volume fraction of phases and retained austenite carbon content strongly influence the mechanical properties.

Then transformation temperature, the shape of cell area, and mechanical properties were evaluated.
This research aims to design the Peripheral stent for treatment of stenosis in tortuous vascular and investigate the effect of braiding conditions and heat-treatment temperatures on mechanical properties.
But the superelasticity properties cannot be confirmed in specimens heat-treated at 450°C and 500°C because the RAf is higher than 37°C which was the testing temperature.
When considering these factors which are braiding pattern and structure under kinking.
Ercan Acma: Effect of Heat Treatment Temperature and Heat Treatment Time on Properties and use of NiTi Shape Memory Implant Material, Vol.4 (2017), pp. 64-69

Ensuring proper quality and smoothness of mineral surfaces is important for: - obtaining the required physic - mechanical properties, which has a significant influence on the period of use and the costs connected with it, - keeping the surfaces clean, which reduces the cleaning/maintenance time, - esthetic and architectural aspects.
The factors that can cause raising or lowering the processing efficiency of grinding tools have been presented in the so-called factor analysis (table 1).
The factors that can cause raising or lowering the processing efficiency of grinding tools.
They influence the complex abrasive effect factor that is connected with the properties of the material and its amount, which is dependent on the geometry of the abrasive element.
Graphs of the efficiency distribution of affecting the processed strip L = D [m] by the new working tool with selected solutions of disc abrasive (grinding) elements.

It can be adopted to fabricate components with improved mechanical properties at high integrity and with very low defect levels particularly aiming at minimum porosity [2].This process is completed in its manufacturing system, generally named forming system.
Following the above process, components can be produced, but whose quality and properties cannot be guaranteed, also thus the advantages of squeeze casting cannot be attained.
It is evident that the last two factors are determined by the performance of the squeeze casting machine.
Fig.1 Relationships of the factors affecting squeeze casting forming process Hence, in order to produce components with optimal quality and properties by squeeze casting according to the original design data or customer's requirements, it is essential to control the above four factors and their relationships, besides following the conventional process steps.
The dies, the process parameters, the shape accuracy of the dies and the control accuracy of the process parameters by squeeze casting machines are the main factors affecting the squeeze casting production quality.

A mathematical modeling approach as well as experimental data analysis have made it possible to establish significant factors affecting the relative diameter of the axial porosity zone.
The improvement of the model obtained has enabled to establish that the axial porosity zone is primarily affected by the following factors: hot top size, slenderness ratio, the H/D ratio and insulation heat capacity.
All of the above methods reduce chemical and structural heterogeneity, provide a finer grain structure, improve the mechanical properties of the concast slab and rolled stock.
Light hatching indicates positive values of the factors; dark hatching corresponds to the negative values of the factors.
Results and Discussion Figure 1 shows that shrinkage cavity length is primarily affected by hot top volume, ingot geometry as well as insulation material properties.