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Introduction Sapphire has been widely used in many industrial applications such as micro fluidics, optical windows, abrasion resistant mechanical contacts, and substrate materials for semiconductor electrolumiscent devices [1].
Thus, to develop a technique for machining and dicing these materials and devices with micron resolution becomes an essential issue.
Properly optimized laser intensity with a highly resolved beam spot dramatically increases sapphire wafer scribing speed, while minimizing excessive heating and collateral material damage.
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According to the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), concrete is a primary construction material in buildings [7].
Blast furnace slag, fly ash, and silica fume are supplementary cementitious materials (SCM) [22] i.e., inorganic materials with hydraulic or pozzolanic contribution to cementitious mixtures properties [8].
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Wear of advanced ceramics for tool materials.

Relationship of face gear speed and the instant peak temperature the instant peak temperature Affecting gear tooth surface temperature are many factors, Including some of the factors themselves face gear, Such as processing materials used in face gear, Face gear design parameters chosen, Tooth surface roughness, etc.
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With comprehensive consideration and analysis of the test purpose, test models materials, production conditions, loading equipments, sensor locations, etc, the size of model was determined, which was shown in Table 1.
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[11] Mossman, Alan, Lean Construction Journal, 10,13-23. 2009
[13] Guangyu Qiu and Ronggui Liu, Construction Economics Journal ,1,56-59(2007)
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This property is mainly the result of either the chemical composition of materials or the geometric structures of the surface [6].
However, due to the complex processes and expensive materials used in these methods, a simple and cost effective alternative for fabricating large area, nano-scale periodic structures is in urgent need.
These processes are thus not suitable to fabricate simple two-dimensional nano-tip structures on surface of materials in large areas at a low cost.
Dill and ADJ Haymet, A view of the hydrophobic effect, The Journal of Physical Chemistry B 106 (2002) 521-533
Lee, and SRJ Brueck, Nanostructures and functional materials fabricated by interferometric lithography, Adv Mater 23 (2011) 147-179