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The data presented in Table 4 were taken from comprehensive property-grain size graphs published earlier in reference 4.
Therefore, the total effect of grain boundaries on the thermal expansion coefficient would be rather small, consistent with the data presented in Table 4 for nickel electroforms.
In this study, Gleiter [23] presented thermal expansion data as a function of the applied pressure during powder consolidation.
Again a small reduction down to 780 GPa is observed for the smallest grain size of 5 nm.
Wang et al. [40] examined the creep behavior in nanocrystalline nickel electroforms and analyzed the data using the constitutive equations for diffusion-dependent mechanisms.

Design spaces of each variable are reduced by an adaptive reduction radius, which is improved gradually by the adaptive inconsistency of optimum solutions during the optimization process.
Kriging Surrogate Model Once sample data has been gathered, surrogate models can be built by many methods.
Kriging models are constructed using maximum likelihood estimation, and typically interpolate the data, providing an exact fit of the sampled data [2].
The kriging surrogate model is fitted to the experiment design data.
Design spaces of each variable are reduced by an adaptive reduction radius, which is improved gradually by the adaptive inconsistency of optimum solutions during the optimization process.

and carbon capture Per capita output value of products with comprehensive utilization of “three wastes” (Yuan/ person) 0.037 Positive Comprehensive utilization rate of industrial solid wastes (%) 0.045 Positive Harmless treatment ratio of domestic garbage (%) 0.042 Positive Per capita green space (m2/person) 0.033 Positive Green coverage ratio of completed area (%) 0.027 Positive Note: The data are sourced from China City Statistical Yearbook (2005-2009); index weight value is calculated with mean square deviation method and according to the data of 2008. 3.2 Urban low-carbon indexes After selecting low-carbon evaluation indexes scientifically, the paper processes and synthesizes each attribute index with weighted sum method, and determines the relative weight of each attribute index in terms of influence on urban low-carbon development.
However, it is not necessarily so when we survey the carbon emission and carbon emission reduction indexes.
For example, Nanjing and Shanghai only rank the 17th place in terms of carbon emission index and carbon emission reduction index respectively.
Analysis on spatio-temporal cluster of urban low-carbon indexes This paper adopts SPSS17.0 software to carry out cluster analysis on the index data of each subsystem of the low-carbon evaluation index system aiming at the 28 cities along the Yangtze River.
By scoring the 28 x 5 groups of data of the 28 cities in 2004-2008 comprehensively, the paper gets the sequence of the evolution of low-carbon index along with the change of time of each city.

Schematic of the permanent mould designed to produce hot tears Thermal data of the solidifying casting were recorded using K-type thermocouples inserted into the mould cavity at three locations: in the vicinity of the downsprue, in the middle of the casting bar and by the end restraint (shown in Fig. 1).
It can be observed that the addition of silicon led to the reduction of the UTS and the elongation of AZ91E, while the yield strength remained relatively constant.
Further addition of silicon (up to 1.5 wt.%) resulted in a slight reduction in the hot tearing susceptibility of AZ91E.
Further addition of silicon resulted only in a slight reduction of the grain size (53 ± 10 μm and 38 ± 4 μm for AZ91E with 1.0 and 1.5 wt.% Si respectively).
However, addition of silicon resulted in reduction of the hot tearing susceptibility of AZ91E.

Therefore, replacement of plastic-based cushion packaging with honeycomb paperboard material is a green and low carbon development road with which it can provide a feasible and technical solution with environment protection, material saving and GHG emission reduction for packaging industry.
It can be easily obtained that 7.83(7.36+0.47) tons of CO2 emissions will be reduced if one tons EPS packaging material can be replaced by honeycomb paperboard, and it will be more if we consider the emission reduction caused by using recycled paper to produce honeycomb paperboard.
Based on the statistics data of packaging industry in 2008, the annual waste of EPS packaging material was more than 1.5 million tons in China.
If there is 30 percent of EPS packaging material can be replaced by honeycomb paperboard, the CO2 emission reduction will be more than 3.5 million tons in one year in packaging industry in China.
More and more people have come to realize the importance of CO2 emission reduction, and look for the green and low carbon packaging solution for their products in China.

The results showed a 99% reduction of Pb concentration after the contaminated clay soil was treated with S/S technique.
Table 2 XRF data obtained from the pure clay soil and contaminated clay soil Clay soil Contaminated clay soil Formula Concentration Formula Concentration orig-g 9 orig-g 9 added-g 3 added-g 3 CO2 0.1 CO2 0.1 SiO2 47. 20% SiO2 43. 40% Al2O3 17. 20% Al2O3 15. 70% Fe2O3 4.87% Fe2O3 5.09% SO3 3.12% SO3 3.48% CaO 0. 25% CaO 0. 83% Pb 0. 25% Leachability of Lead Concentration Table 3 shows the values of lead concentration for all samples were reduced.
As seen in Fig. 1, the results show a decreasing in concentration of Pb from 0.488 ppm to 0.051 ppm with the percentage reduction of 99% for 14 days of curing.
Previous study conducted by Azmi et al. [4] showed that the percentage of reduction in the 14 curing days with 15% cement was 98.96%, while the percentage reduction for the combination of cement and cockle shell powders was 99.9%, which is more efficient.
The same change was made by substituting half of the quantity of cement used with cockle shell powders given a 99% of lead concentration reduction in 14 days of curing.

Finally these data, which will be valuable for drilling companies to strategically allocate limited resources to their safety management plan, can evaluate the expected effectiveness resulting from risk control measures.
It is likely to bring out the reduction of some resources, leading to the shortage of the stuff and abilities in dealing wit the event below.
It can lead to reduction of resources, capacity and motivation in dealing with the situations below. fatigue during the work shift or overtime The reliability of human behavior can be lessened because of fatigue.
The symptom of vigilance reduction, fatigue and impatience can lead to abstraction, hypomnesia and mind-absence, etc.
The first-tier human risk control measures (i.e. strategically safety program, open information communication, and drilling teams safety culture) have risk reduction scores over 2 S/w-h.

Aluminothermic reduction nitridation provide the possibility of no-pressure sintered and prepared Al2O3-TiN composites,but the research in this area mostly is the performance of the composite powder and the properties of the composites is less[8-10].
There is a strong exothermic peak at 1332.41˚C, meanwhile, the corresponding TG curves have a greater change, with the dramatic increase in quality, indicating that aluminothermic reduction and nitridation reaction was strong at this temperature point , TiO2 was reduced by Al and then nitrided as TiN and Al2O3.
It can be seen from the figure:there are only the characteristics peak of TiN and Al2O3 at the four test temperatures, indicating that the the raw material of TiO2 was all reduced by Al and then nitrided as cubic TiN and Al2O3 in accordance with the formula (1).When the formula (1) under flowing nitrogen, ,and at 1200˚C which was far less than zero[11],and aluminothermic reduction nitridation reaction could proceed smoothly.
[7]Renhong Yu.The research of TiN/Al2O3 composites and TiN powder synthesiazed by TiO2 carbothermal reduction and nitridation.Xi’an: Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology,2005
Inorganic Thermodynamic Data Manual (Second Edition),Shenyang:Northeastern University Press,1994 [12]Lee J H,Ko S K,Won C W.

However, when the cast iron is under bidirectional tension, the experimental data can’t prove that the second strength theory is more secure than unidirectional strength in tension but rather the first strength theory is closer.
Table 3 lists the data results.
Among the forward gears, the largest reduction occurs in Q3 with the reduction value 3.8300MPa by 14.78%.
And among the backward gears, the largest reduction occurs in H1 with the reduction value 4.2100MPa by 9.64%.
Because of the reduction of the thickness of box and the adjustment of the stiffeners, the deformation increases.

Concerning mechanical properties of hydroxyapatite, there are many literature reports about the compressive strength of HA but a great variation between different research data can be found [7,8].
A Philips electronic diffractometer (X'Pert PW373/00 wide-range goniometer) with an XRG 3100 generator and DMS-41 data measuring system, theta compensating slit, and graphite diffracted beam crystal monochromator equipped with a copper target (35 kV, 20mA), nickel filter, and cintillation detector, was used to record diffractograms at a resolution of 2 o 2θ min -1.
Apparent density and the shrinkage after sintering (reduction in size), according to the compaction pressure applied, are presented in Table 1.
There was no significant difference between the two sample densities after sintering, although HA-1 sample presented a higher height reduction.
Table 1 - Apparent densities and size reduction of the HA samples.