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Tensile Properties and HAZ definition for TIG and EB welds using Electronic Speckle Pattern Interferometry (ESPI) Yannis Kyriakoglou 1,a, Michael Preuss 2,b, Paul Bowen 3,c 1 Rolls-Royce plc, PO Box e1, Derby, DE24 8BJ, UK 2 The University of Manchester, P.O.
Electronic Speckle Pattern Interferometry (ESPI) is used in conjunction with a mechanical test rig to determine the tensile property response when loading cross weld tensile samples of Tungsten Inert Gas (TIG) and Electron Beam (EB) welded Inco718, which include the parent metal, Heat Affected Zone (HAZ) and weld metal.
When using more realistic mechanical properties for the weld and HAZ, as determined by ESPI/tensile testing, the maximum estimated plastic strain for certain stress conditions is nearly 6 times higher than the plastic strain predicted using the same material properties for the weld as in the parent (as suggested by the microhardness mapping).
As expected, it was also found that the different weld / HAZ properties affect the volume of the component that undergoes plastic straining.
Section of model indicating the effect of weld/HAZ properties on the volume of material that goes plastic (b).

The mechanical properties of these composites depend on certain micro structural parameters like size of the reinforcement particle, distribution of the reinforcement and weight fraction [2].
There has been enough research was done on friction and wear properties of metal matrix composites.
These include test geometry, load, test duration, materials properties and environmental factors such as temperature, humidity etc.
The grey relational analysis is applied to examine how these control factors affect the wear behavior of the aluminium matrix composites through the observed values of wear and coefficient of friction.
Table 1 shows the control factors considered and their levels.

Because of their excellent mechanical and thermal properties, synthetic fibers such as glass fiber, aramid, and carbon fiber are frequently used to amplify polymer composite [1].
One of the important factors for specifying the utilization of composite materials was the interfacial shear strength (IFSS) of the fiber-matrix [6].
The properties of cohesive elements used in this study are listed in Table 1.
Also, the material properties used in this analysis are shown in Table 2.
Kumar, Effect of alkaline treatment on mechanical and thermal properties of typha angustifolia fiber reinforced composites, Int.

The spinning temperature is one of key factors affected the uneven deformation during the hot power backward spinning for brittle material tubes, such as cast 7075 aluminium alloy tube.
To analyze the evolution regularity of temperature filed in the spinning process, a 3D thermo-mechanical FE model of the process is developed under ABAQUS/Explicit environment.
Rajan and Narasimhan [3] studied the effects of heat treatment of preform material on the mechanical properties of the flow formed part.
Fig.1 3D Coupled Thermo-mechanical FE model for HPBS process of CAA tube Fig.2 Variation curve of energy ratio with spinning time Results and Discussion Simulation conditions.
The material used in the numerical simulation is 7075 CAA tube which mechanical properties are shown in Ref. [8] and other parameters are listed in Table 1.

Physical appearance, macrostructure, microstructure and mechanical properties were analyzed.
Joining in solid state also causes change in microstructure and mechanical properties [6-8].
From the reasons mentioned make this research to figure out appropriate joining parameters and conditions for the best microstructure and mechanical properties.
From experiment, it illustrated that the amount of porosities was the most factor that affect tensile strength value.
Microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of semi-solid stir weld zinc AG40A die cast alloy.

Breaking strength and elongation at fracture were increased; the beginning of dyeing properties and the balance rate were increased.
Low-temperature plasma treatment can modify the surface properties of wool fiber without much change in the original bulk properties.
(2) The volume of retraction bulb The volume of retraction bulb was used to characterize the anti-felting properties.
(5) Dyeing rate [11] Results and discussion 3.1 The effects of low temperature plasma treating time for wool fiber properties 3.1.1 Wettability Experiments showed that wool fiber treated with plasma rapidly submerged into water in less than 1s; while untreated wool fiber floated on distilled water surface, 10min or more didn’t sink. 3.1.2 The influence of wool fiber surface a. crude wool b.1min c.4min Fig.1 Photos for different plasma treating time on the wool fiber Fig. 1 shown that the flake structure of untreated wool fiber was clearly visible, with edges and corners obviously; 1min, the surface scale layer was partly divested or inactivated, made the surface smooth; while for a long time, the surface occurred concave-convex due to sculpture. 3.1.3 Directional friction effect and mechanical properties Table 1 The influence of mechanical properties with different plasma treating time Time/min DFE/% Breaking Strength/cN Elongation at Break/% 0 16.69
Fig.2 The volume of retraction bulb of different plasma treating time Fig.3 Staining with LANASET Blue 3.2 Low temperature plasma processing power for wool fiber properties 3.2.1 Directional friction effect and mechanical properties Table 2 The influence of mechanical properties with different power plasma treated on wool fiber Power/W DFE/% Breaking Strength/cN Elongation at Break/% 0 16.69 20.58 3.49 800 8.19 22.81 3.90 1200 5.77 23.66 4.15 1500 4.75 25.25 4.26 1800 4.29 25.58 4.36 2000 4.74 22.35 4.11 2200 4.72 20.43 3.49 As shown in Tab. 2, with the plasma power increase, the directional friction effect of wool fiber was reduced significantly; the breaking strength of wool fiber presented to rising first and falling followed; the variation trend of breaking strength and elongation was similar. 3.2.2 Felt shrinkage properties.

Mechanical Properties of Polyurethane Foam Nowadays, polyurethane foam is used as filling material of car seat, their production is relatively fast and accurate.
Polyurethane foam is characterized by visco elastic properties combining the properties of solid and liquid.
Elastic properties predominate in short-term loading.
The results of numerical simulations lead to design of whole composite car seat cushion with specific mechanical properties.
Mechanical properties measurement and comparison of polyurethane foam substitute.

Osseointegration is reported to be affected by many factors, including the implant design, surface treatment, bone quality, surgical technique, postoperative care, and so on [7-9].
Among these, the thread design of an implant is one of the dominant factors [10, 11].
In addition, the contact interaction properties are also required to be defined for the contact pair.
Properties of materials significantly affect success and failure of implants and its effects on the tissues surrounding the implants.
Mechanical properties of different parts used in the dental prosthesis.

Estimated of loadings factors and common degrees were shown in Table 4.
The loads of them on the main factor F1 were all greater than 0.9, which represent the affecting factors of PCM, besides the variance contribution rate of the main factor F1 to xi was 49.1%, which showed the temperature do great effect on PCM.
In summary, it is showed from the factor analysis model that there were five indexes of the factors affecting the PCM’s strength, including Admixtures, Gray sand ratio, CaO, 28d Strength, and Temperature, whose descending order was Admixture>Gray sand ratio>CaO>28d Atrength>Temperature.
(2) C-S-H gel microscopic analysis C-S-H gel is the most important part in the phosphorus gypsum consolidation , is the most main contributors to consolidation strength.Its formation is affected by various factors,and its properties also have a very important role to the phosphorus gypsum consolidation body structure [6].
Testing on micro mechanical properties of C-S-H gel based on nano-indentation techniques[J].

This paper presents the effects of incorporating carbon nanotubes (CNT) into nylon 6 on thermal properties and fire performance of woven glass reinforced CNT/nylon 6 nanocomposite laminates.
Incorporation of CNT in nylon 6 improved the thermal stabilities, thermal conductivity and fire performance of laminates without compromising their mechanical properties.
Carbon nanotubes (CNT) have been extensively studied because of their excellent mechanical, electrical and thermal properties and their large aspect ratios as an ideal reinforcing filler.
The effects CNTs incorporation in nylon 6 on thermal properties and fire performance of woven glass fibre reinforced CNT/nylon 6 laminates are evaluated.
HDT of CNT/nylon 6 nanocomposite with different CNT loadings and their corresponding laminate counterparts Thermal Properties of Laminates.