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Low-energy positron beams are essential tools for a large variety of experiments in solid state and surface physics, materials science, and fundamental research.
The properties of moderator materials and different geometries of experimental setups for positron (re)moderation are also discussed.
In solid state physics and materials science, the availability of low-energy positron beams is crucial for the investigation of lattice defects using depth dependent and spatially resolved positron annihilation spectroscopy (PAS).
For high positron production rates, Ta, W, and Pt are good candidates as converter materials due to their high density and high nuclear charge Z; see comparison of high-density materials in Fig. 2.
Therefore, materials exhibiting a negative positron work function will emit thermalized positrons perpendicular to the surface with a discrete energy E+=−Φ+.

Experimental Procedure Materials and Methods.
To better understand the behavior of both materials during heat treatment, numerical simulations were performed using the JMatPro software.
Based on the results of these simulations, graphs showing the temperature dependence of thermal expansion were constructed for the X52 and Diamalloy 1003 materials.
This differing behavior of the materials during the cooling process likely resulted in the delamination of the coating.
Gundakaram, “The influence of heat treatment on the microstructural, mechanical and corrosion behaviour of cold sprayed SS 316L coatings,” in Journal of Materials Science, May 2009, pp. 2320–2326. doi: 10.1007/s10853-008-3200-2

Rare Metal Materials and Engineering, Vol. 39 (2010) No.5, p.928(In Chinese)
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International Journal of Minerals Metallurgy and Materials, Vol. 19(2012) No.6, p.499
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Acknowledgment Project is supported by Natural science foundation of Jiangsu Province (No.BK2008197), Industrialization of scientific research promotion projects of colleges in Jiangsu Province (No.JH10-X048), Key construction disciplines of mechanical engineering in Yancheng Institute of Technology (No.XKY2009059) and Qing Lan project in Jiangsu Province.
Materials Science and Engineering, 2001, 30-34 [2] OHMI T.
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Advanced wet cleaning post-CMP application to reclaim wafers [J].Journal of the Electro chemical Society,2004,151(1):57-66

., Dashu District, Kaohsiung City 84001, Taiwan, R.O.C. 2 Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, No.1 University Road, Tainan City, 70101, Taiwan, R.O.C. 3 Yuh-lng junior college of heaith care & management, No.15 Lane 420 Dachang 2nd Rd., Kaohsiung City, 807, Taiwan, R.O.C.
Typical problem with load (), zeta potential (ζ=0.2V), bulk electrical conductivity (λ=1.0×10-8 1/Ωm), absolute dielectric constant of fluid (ε=1.593×10-11 C/Vm), Debye reciprocal length parameter (κ=5nm), and material parameter () is solved and discussed.
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[9] Paillat H, Moreau E, Touchard G., Journal of Electrostatics, Vol. 53, (2001), p.171-182
Watermann, ASME Journal of Basic Engineering, (1963), p.601-606

Acknowledgment The work presented in this paper is supported by the sub-topics of National Science and Technology Major Projects (No. 2009ZX04010-031-02), and the sub-topics of Science and Technology Council of Liaoning Province Major Projects (No. 2009020283-302).
Venkatesh, “Design and Analysis of Dual-Rotor Radial Flux Permanent Magnet Generator for Direct Coupled Stand-Alone Wind Energy Systems,” International Journal of Innovations in Energy Systems and Power, vol.2, June 2007, pp.24-29
“Study of cogging torque in surface-mounted permanent magnet motors with energy method,” Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Material, vol. 267, November 2003,pp.80-85
“Influence of pole and slot combinations on cogging torque in fractional slot PM motors,”Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, vol.304, January 2006,pp. 430-432.

Acknowledgements The author would like to acknowledge the support provided by the National Natural Science Foundation (50275076) and Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (NO.
Swope: Diamond & Related Materials Vol. 18 (2009), p.669-677 [5]Qi Liang, Andrei Stanishevsky, Yogesh K.
(a) Vol. 203(2006) No.13, p.3375-3386 [7] Xiang Bingkun,Zuo Dunwen: Journal of Synthetic CrystalsVol. 37(2008)No.5,p.1242-1248
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International Journal of Online and Biomedical Engineering
International Journal Of Innovative Engineering, Technology And Science, 68-76
International Journal of Emerging Trends in Science and Technology, 4310-4312
Journal of Communications Vol. 13, 218-221
International Journal Performance Evaluation, 773-790

Introduction Acoustic non-destructive methods of testing, in particular ultrasonic pulse method (UPM) and resonance method (RM) are used for determination of dynamic modulus of elasticity of materials – in particular concrete, and as a supportive method of evaluation of frost resistance of construction materials [5-7].
The advantage of non-destructive methods of testing is their rapidity and possibility of testing the same samples of materials with characteristics changing in time.
CZ.1.05/2.1.00/03.0097, as an activity of the regional Centre AdMaS "Advanced Materials, Structures and Technologies".
Nondestructive dynamic testing methods of building materials and structures.
Vydavateľstvo Slovenskej akadémie vied, Bratiskava, p.285 (1962) [2] Leslie I.R., Cheesman W.I., An Ultrasonic Method of Studying Deterioration and Cracking in Concrete Structures, Journal, American Concrete Institute, Vol.46,No.1, pp.17-36 (1941) [3] Whitehurst E.A., Soniscope Tests Concrete Structures, Journal, American Concrete Institute, Vol.47,No.2, pp.433-444 (1951) [4] CSN 732011 Non-destructive testing of concrete structures, Czech standards institute, Prague, (2010)

Material and method Study plantation site is located in the Liangshui National Natural Reserve, Heilongjiang, China (lat 47°10'50", long 128º53'20 ").
Vol. 12 No. 4 (1984), p.1-12 (in Chinese with English summary) [8] Lu YC: Theory and practice of near to nature mamagement (Science Press, Beijing 2006 , in Chinese)
[9] Ryo Kohsaka and Itsuki C Handoh: Journal of Forest Research.
Vol.134 (2000), p. 257-270 [21] Rothe A and Binkley D : Canadian Journal of Forest Research.
Vol. 233(2006), p. 211-230 [30] Chen CR and Wang SL: Eocology of mixed plantation (Science Press, Beijing, 2004, p. 120-137, in Chinese) [31] Huang ZH, Tian DL and Liang RY: Journal of Central South University of Forestry &Technology.