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With respect to anion-induced phase evolution of films, Pradhan et al gave that a substantial quantity of Cl- detected throughout the 2D nanostructures are due to preferential capping of the [0001] growth direction of ZnO by Cl- ions [27].
However, Peulon et al. inferred that the formation of these hydroxyl compounds occurs when the ionic products of the corresponding ions are higher than the solubility product [28].
Barsony, A.L.
El Belghiti, T.

The purity of Target Ta, Ti, Al, Cr is higher than 99.95%, and purity of Ni sheet is 99.95%.
Zhou, J.P.Lin, et al., Solid-Solution Phase Formation Rules for Multi-component Alloys, Advanced Engineering Materials. 6 (2008)534-538
[19] Yeh J W, Chen S K, Gan J Y, el al., Formation of simple crystal structures in solid-solution alloys with multi-principal metallic elements, Metal Mater Trans A. 35A(2004)2533-2536
[27] LIU Yuan, LI Yanxiang, CHEN Xiang, et al., High-entropy Alloy with Multiprincipal Elements-State of the Art , Materials Review. 4(2006)4-6, 14
[32] Yeh j w, Chen Y L, Lin S J, et al., High-entropy alloys-A new era of exploitation, Materials Science Forum. 1 (2007)1-9

Rescher et al.
Chung et al.
Lelis et al.
Waltl et al.
Kaczer et al.

Uematsu et al. [9], Cao et al. [10] and Reimann et al. [11] have discussed a refill technique applied to various types of material in different ways.
Sajed et al. [14] proposed a two-stage refilled friction stir spot welding (TFSSW) applied on Al 1100 sheets.
Materials and Experiments A 1.6-mm thick Al-clad sheet of Al-Cu-Mg alloy AA2024 in T3 condition was used in the current study.
The base material sheet has 100-µm thick Al-clad layer of pure Al on both sides.
SZ TMAZ Al-clad layer Fig.7.

Sun, et al.: Engineering Failure Analysis, Vol. 14 (2007), No.2, pp. 349
El-Mansy, B.
Martin-Meizoso, et al.: Acta Materialia, Vol. 47 (1999), No.17, pp. 4405
El-Mansy, J.
Sun, et al.: Acta Materialia, Vol. 54 (2006), No.13, pp. 3453

Characterization of raw material using XRF shows the major elements of Fe, Ti, Mg, Si, Al and Ca.
The influence of particle size to Al, Si, P, S and Ca contents is shown in Figure 2.
The analysis of the distribution result shows that particle sizes of -150/+120 mesh have Al, Si, P, S, and Ca contents below 3.5%.
This is because there are impurities that must be eliminated such as Fe, Mg, Al, Si, and Ca trough the purification process.
[5] Abdel-Karim, A.M., Moustafa, M.I., El-Afandy, A.H., and Barakat, M.G., 2017, Mineralogy, chemical characteristics and upgrading of beach ilmenite of the top meter of black sand deposits of the kafr Al-Sheikh Governorate, Northern Egypt, Acta Geologica Sinica (English Edition) 91(4) 1326-1338 [6] Zhang, S., Cioppa, M.T., and Shihong, S. 2010.

Al to the lower Si steel resulted in a small further increase in LME sensitivity; further work is underway to better characterize the LME behavior of Al-added steels.
Both the Low-Si and Low-Si, Hi-Al steels exhibited no ductility loss at 600°C.
Al addition.
Al) in a ternary Fe-Zn-Al alloy at a fixed Fe/Zn ratio of 20:80.
El-Sari, M.

In this paper, the strong earthquake record, EL-Centro wave (1940), Taft wave(1952) and Ninghe wave(1976, in China), were respectively used to simulate earthquake for calculating the structural seismic response.
Zhu, Al-Bermani FGA, S.

For example, Gumy et. al. found that the iron-Nafion based catalyst is effective in reducing the concentration of dye in wastewater treatment [9].
El-Sawy and A.

., El-Awad, M., & Hassan, M.
[14] Al-Hasan, M. (2003).