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Numerical Investigation of Mixed Convection Heat Transfer in Steady Flow Past a Row of Three Square Cylinders Houssem Laidoudi1*, Bilal Blissag2,, Mohamed Bouzit1 1Laboratoire des Sciences et Ingénierie Maritime (LSIM), Faculté de Génie Mécanique, USTO-MB, BP 1505, El-Menaouer, Oran, 31000, Algérie 2Département d’Hydraulique, USTO-MB, BP 1505, El-Menaouer, Oran, 31000, Algérie houssem.laidoudi@univ-usto.dz Keywords: Three bluff bodies, Square cylinder, Mixed convection, Steady flow, ANSYS-CFX.
Chatterjee et al. [8] numerically studied the laminar flow of Newtonian fluid over a row of five isothermal square cylinders places in side-by-side arrangement.
Maheandera Prabu et al. [11] tested the flow over two offset square cylinders in confined channel in order to investigate numerically the forced convection heat transfer from heated square cylinders.
Rajesh Kanna et al. [12] they carried out the incompressible flow over two isothermal offset square cylinders confined in horizontal channel, the distance between cylinders is assumed to be changed.
Sewatker et al. [13] carried out flow across a row of identical square cylinders placed side-by-side.

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Elmetwalli2,b, Asaad Derbala3,c, El-Khatib S.
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The following phases occur in the Zn-Al binary diagram [1]: α - Al-rich phase (lattice K12), α´ - matrix rich in Al in equilibrium with α´m, α´m - second transition phase, β - phase rich in Zn (lattice K12), η - phase rich in Zn (lattice H12).
In paper [5], Zn-based alloys with 4 – 6 % Al at 3 % Cu were analysed.
This trend was also confirmed in the work [4] for three levels of Al, namely 8, 12 and 27 %.
The authors attribute this to the replacement of η dendrites rich in Zn by α phase, rich in Al, and increasing the amount of α + η eutectoid with an increase in the content of Al from 8 to 27 %.
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Syzrantsev1, E.L.
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Wu et al. [36] showed that on the plasma etched surface, the white lines represented the cross-section of the GNP fillers and the contrast between GNP fillers and the matrix was better than the polished surface.
Du et al. [37] presented that uniform distribution and low aggregation of carbon fillers in polymer matrix caused a segregated network structure, resulting in high conducting network formation at low filler loading.
In addition, Gu et al. [41] revealed that strong interactions between polymer matrix and fillers may also cause greater activation energies of flow.
El Achaby, F.E.
El Kacem, M.

The fatigue failure can be analysed using a model of energy taking into consideration both stress and strain as described by Elmarakbi et al. [3].
March [4] based his work on the same criterion as that used by Elmarakbi et al. [3], the energy density of cracking.
In addition to Elmarakbi et al.’s [3], approach, deterministic model was used in the present study.
Haiba et al., [2] cited the commercial code Nastran.
[3] Elmarakbi A., El-hage H. and Bhattacharjee S., 2002 "Multiaxial fatigue crack initiation by strain energy density using finite element method" CSME Forum, Kingston, Canada