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The vaults are constructed from blocks of fine-grained sandstone.
The middle support and the both outer support is a combination of blocks made from pudding stone and fine-grained sandstone and coarse-grained sandstone.
The fine-grained sandstone is fair colour whereas the pudding stone as well as coarse-grained sandstone are dark red colour.
Table 5: Absorption under atmospheric air pressure of fine-grained sandstone Opening (vault) Dilative part Core drill Bulk density [kg/m3] Test number Average absorption Ab [% wt.]
Table 6: Gravimetric analysis of stone wetness fine-grained sandstone Opening (vault) Dilative part Number of analysed samples Stone wetness [% wt.]

The width of lamellar α was about 5 µm, and that of grain boundary α layer was 7 µm.
The contour numbers represent the percentage efficiency of power dissipation projected on a temperature-strain rate plane.
(a) (b) Fig. 3 Processing maps for (a) equiaxed and (b) Widmanstätten microstructure at a strain of 0.6: contour numbers represent a percentage efficiency of power dissipation.
Assuming that the total number of α grains are constant, the α grain size (d ) at high temperature can be calculated by following Eq. (1). 13 r r f d d fαα   =      (1) where, rd and rfα represent the grain size and volume fraction of α phase, respectively, fα denotes the volume fraction of α phase at high temperature.
Here, the effect of grain growth was neglected at soaking stage, because the static grain growth rate in Ti-6Al-4V alloy was reported low [11].

Fig.2 Crack size of the polycrystal model. 2p Grain-1 Grain-2 2p 2p Grain-1 Grain-2 2p 2p p Crack Grain 1 2p p Crack Grain 1 Fig.3 Sectional view of mesh divisions for polycrystal models.
(a) 0.5p-cracked TG model (b) 0.5p-cracked IG model 2p Grain-1 Grain-2 2p 2p Grain-1 Grain-2 2p 2p p Crack Grain 1 2p p Crack Grain 1 Fig.3 Sectional view of mesh divisions for polycrystal models.
Crystal orientations determined by random numbers were assigned to all crystals including those in the lengthwise direction.
The single crack model has the same orientation as the grain, where the crack exists (Grain 1 defined in Fig. 4 (a)) in the 0.5p-cracked TG model.
Instead of the single crystal model, a bi-crystal model with the same crystal orientations as the grains Grain 1 and 2 defined in Fig. 4 (b) was used.

Four flavonoid compounds from the tartary buckwheat grains were purified by hydrated ethanol extraction and chromatography isolation.
The objectives of this study were to analyse the main flavonols in tartary buckwheat grains by ESI-MS/MS technique.
Tartary buckwheat grains were purchased from Liangshan region of Sichuan province of China, and then powdered into flour without hull.
Also compared with the standard chemical, the flavonol 2 from the tartary buckwheat grains was identified as rutin.
Glycosides can be removed different numbers of monosaccharides in molecular connection order in ESI.

Nital etched The size for grains exceeding standard number 10 was determined by means of the formula presented in the ISO 643:2003 standard.
The table 3 present results of grain size after deformed acc.
Table 3.Specifies grain sizes in specimens cooled at various rates determined by a comparative method and their percentage fractions in the microstructure Sample number Speed of continuous cooling after the rolling process [°C/s] Number of grain size standard and its percentage share modelling of conventional rolling process 1 3 9,5 - 80% 10 - 20% 2 4,3 9,5 - 65% 10 - 35% 3 6,7 9,5 - 40% 10 - 60% 4 9,4 9,5 - 20% 10 - 80% modelling of normalising rolling process 5 3 10 - 50% 11,5 - 50% 6 4,3 11,5 - 40% 12 - 60% 7 6,7 12 - 30% 12,5 - 70% 8 9,4 12 - 10% 12,5 - 70% 13 - 20% Based on results of investigations presented on figure 6 in Table 3 it is possible to state that additional grain refinement was achieved by the application of accelerated continuous cooling after the rolling.
An increase in cooling rate up to 9,4°C/s resulted in achieving grain corresponding to value of standard 13.
These two factors - grain refinement and obtained ferrite morphology should guarantee higher categories of S355 steel bars plasticity determined in impact tests, - It has been shown that applying higher cooling rates reaching 9,4°C/s it is possible to obtain further grain refinement even up to class 13 (3,9 µm).

The intensity of c -series ZnTiO3 diffraction peaks is higher, which may be that the grain size is bigger and the crystallization is complete.
The annealing treatment not only growing up grain size of composite films, but also the surface films have tiny crack phenomenon.
The annealing treatment not only growing up grain size of composite films, but also the surface films have tiny crack phenomenon.
The intensity of c -series ZnTiO3 diffraction peaks is higher, which may be that the grain size is bigger and the crystallization is complete.
The annealing treatment not only growing up grain size of composite films, but also the surface films have tiny crack phenomenon.

The textures were measured by X-Ray diffraction for both the ferrite and the Journal Title and Volume Number (to be inserted by the publisher) 3 austenite on a Rigaku goniometer and the complete ODF were calculated with the harmonic method.
The nuclei development occurs mainly at grain boundaries and at shear bands, which cross the grain, particularly in the coarse grained sample.
Journal Title and Volume Number (to be inserted by the publisher) 5 We see from these results how recrystallisation can be accelerated by a decrease in the initial grain size: for example, the same recrystallised fraction (22-23%) is achieved with a deformation at 800°C for a holding time of 10s starting from coarse grains and at 700°C for the same holding time but starting from fine grains.
This is also the case in the initially fine-grained material, although the higher ratio of grain boundary over shear band leaves more room to nucleation at grain boundaries.
Journal Title and Volume Number (to be inserted by the publisher) 9 Figure 10 : High resolution orientation map of the internal structure of a shear band (grain boundary and index quality map) and {111} pole figures of selected round areas (regions inside the shear band are denoted "b" and regions in the adjacent matrix "a") in the FeNi alloy rolled 50% at 700°C and held 10s at this temperature before quenching (RD-ND section).

The experimental results indicate that the current can produce polarity effect to coarse grain AZ31 magnesium alloy, but to fine grained TA15 titanium alloy, the polarity effect is not obvious.
The TA15 rolling plate has fine slender grains and the average grain size is about 5μm.
Fig.8(a) shows the original structure of extruding AZ31 magnesium alloy, the grain size is about 30μm.
There are a large number of dislocations in the coarse grains generating large electron-wind-force under the action of current.
The grain shape still keeps equiaxed but the grain growth is very obvious after heating and deformation, and average grain size reaches to 50μm.

The high temperature phase of these alloys is BCC that facilitates the hot deformation processing due to the number of slip systems.
The transformation strain of each variant is hindered by the grain itself and by the surrounding grains.
Few β grains belong to a minor <100>//AD component.
We performed calculation with different numbers of selected variants.
Figure 4e shows the simulation results with 6 selected variants, a number close to the mean number observed in the micrographs.

Factors influencing the powder specific surface area are, in ascending order, the number of 20 minutes cycles, the powder weight and the frequency.
In solid state, grain rearrangement is negligible, and some grain contacts could thus disappear (second step on Fig. 8.).
MM2), abnormal grain growth could be observed, characterized by the presence of coarse grains rich in intragranular pores in the microstructure.
If the initial grain size is too high, the microstructure development trajectory could cross the pore - grain boundary separation zone (arrow 2 on Fig. 9.), leading to abnormal growth.
Kang: Sintering: Densification, grain growth and microstructure (Elsevier 2005) [4] Y.