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Cheng et al [9] and Abd El Aal et al [10] provided the results that sulfate induced steel corrosion problems might be more severe that that by chloride ions, whereas Al-Amoudi et al [11] and Ghods et al [12] reported that sulfate had a significant negative effect on steel corrosion but their corrosivity was relatively less than that of chloride.
El-Gelany: Mater.
Abd El Aal, S.
Abd El Wanees, A.
Abd El Haleem: Corros.

El Ghorba, A.
El Barkany Team of Control and Mechanical Characterization of Materials.
What means that any approach of modeling of the cables will be an approach multi-scales: According to the study carried out by Al Achachi [1]. 
El Ghorba, A.
[10] A.MEKSEM, M.EL GHORBA, A.

Two different compositions made were A356 Al alloy and A356 Al alloy with 1.5 wt.% TiB2.
Al matrix TiAl3 Eutectic Si+TiB2 a TiB2 Si-phase TiAl3 Al matrix b Fig. 3.
Abd El Aal, N.
El Mahallawy, F.A.
Abd El Hameed, E.Y.

The important methods for developing Al alloys include two aspects.
However, it is different for 2050 Al-Li alloy.
Table 3 Tensile properties of 1460 Al-Li alloy aged after different pre-deformation Pre-deformation UTS/MPa YS/MPa El/% 2% 577.8 463.1 4.79 4% 580.5 475.5 6.53 6% 596.1 510.3 6.95 8% 610.9 537.5 6.61 Table 4 Tensile properties of 2050 Al-Li alloy aged after different pre-deformation Pre-deformation UTS/MPa YS/MPa EL/% 2% 448.3 340.9 13.9 5% 518.5 479.8 11.2 8% 538.6 479.0 10.7 10% 543.3 489.8 10.9 Fig.1 shows the tensile properties of 2A96 Al-Li alloy with different pre-deformation as a function of aging time at 160˚C.
Fig.4 shows the [100]Al and [112]Al SAED patterns and dark field TEM images of T8 aged 2A96 Al-Li alloy with different pre-deformation.
Zhang, Al-Li Alloys and Their Application in Aerospace Industry, J.

El-Shazly Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Alexandria University, Egypt.
At the anode: Al → Al+3 +3e (1) Al+3 + 3OH- → Al (OH)3 (2) At the cathode: 2H2O + 2e → H2 + 2OH- (3) With the overall cell reaction that: Al + 3H2O → Al (OH)3 + 3/2 H2 (4) Accumulation of anodic and/or cathodic product on the electrode surfaces will certainly increase the resistance to mass transfer of Al+3 and/or H2 bubbles from the vicinity of the anode and cathode surfaces respectively to the solution bulk, which increases polarization on the electrode surfaces that reduces the amount of Al+3 and H2 bubbles generated and consequently reduce the unit performance.
The above results can be attributed to the fact that increasing current density will increase the dissolution rate of aluminum electrode according to Faraday's law with the formation Al+3 and hence the formation of AL(OH)3 coagulant according to reactions 1 to 4.
El-Kayar, H.A.
El-Abd, Y.A.

El Centro wave, Shanghai artificial wave, Kobe wave and Shanghai bedrock wave were adopted as excitations.
EL4 denotes the excitation of El Centro wave, with a peak acceleration of 0.517 g.
Fig. 9 shows the distribution of the normal strain amplitude along the left side of pile No. 3, excited by the El Centro wave.
Wood, et al: Soil Dyn.
Lu, et al: J.

In Fig 8b, EL model can not fit the isotherm data well at medium and high concentration.
(b) (a) Fig 8 The fitting results of AD models and EL model on activated alumina A Summary of fitting standard errors(SE) and relativities(R) are shown in Table 1.
The EL model cann’t fit the isotherm data well at medium and high concentration.
Taveira, et al.
Lee, et al.

Defining σ as the effective stress and ε the effective strain, Owen et al [2] used the non-linear constitutive relation for the solid: b a( )σ ε= (2) with the coefficients a and b taking values of 60 and 3.0 respectively.
el pl vol vol vol d d d ε ε ε= + (3) where volε , el volε and pl volε are total volumetric strain, volumetric elastic strain and volumetric plastic strain, respectively.
The superscripts el and pl refer to elastic and plastic components respectively.
Defining 0e and e as the initial and instantaneous void ratio of the fibre respectively, the total volume change in the material can be expressed as: 0 1 e J 1 e + = + (4) and vol ln Jε = Considering the elastic component, el el 0 1 e J 1 e + = + (5) where el e is the elastic void ratio and el el vol ln Jε = From Eq. (3), pl el vol vol vol el 1 e d d d d ln( ) 1 e ε ε ε +  = − =  +  (6) A relationship between the voids ratio (e ) and the effective pressure stress ( p ) for elastic
and total deformation is expressed as: el de = κ− t t p p d(ln ) p + , =de λ− t t p p d(ln ) p + (7) where κ and λ are logarithmic bulk modulus and plastic hardening modulus, respectively. tp is tensile hydrostatic yield stress in the crushable foam plasticity model, i.e. 0 2 2 21 2 2 = + −      + − += tc / ct pp ) M q () pp p(F (8) where the compressive hydrostatic yield stress ( cp ) is assumed to be a function of the plastic volumetric strain, M is the slope of the critical state line and q is the Misses equivalent stress, respectively.

Huai-li Zheng, Xiu-ping Sun, Qiang He, et al.
Sasaki, et al.
Xu S M, Cao L Q, Wu R L, el at.
Dongnian Chen, Xiaoguang Liu, Yumei Yue, et al.
Xu, et al.

This conclusion is consistent with the results of Park et al. [2].
The validity of these assumptions has been tested by El-Sesy and El-Baradie [8].
More recently, El-Sesy and El-Baradie [8] reported successfully measuring the hardness of the individual phases using microhardness but do not present micrographs of their indentations.
El-Sesy and Z.M.
El-Baradie: Materials Letters Vol. 57 (2002) pp. 580-585