Search results

Meanwhile, the (111) peak of the sputtered Al is higher than evaporated Al due to the crystallite size of sputtered Al (42.4 nm) are larger than evaporated Al (34.1 nm).
Fig. 2: XRD spectra for (a) Sputtered Al, (b) Evaporated Al, (c) AuNPs formed on sputtered Al and (d) AuNPs formed on evaporated Al.
El-Sayed, Gold nanoparticles: optical properties and implementations in cancer diagnosis and photothermal therapy.
El. (2015) 1
El. 25 (2014) 2227.

Several commercial Al-Li alloys have been successfully squeeze cast, i.e. alloy 1420.
As a representative product of Al-Li-Mg system, 1420 alloy has been employed in the construction of the welded supersonic aircraft with a nominal composition Al-5Mg-2Li-0.1Zr [5].
Table 1 Chemical composition of Al-Li-Mg-Zr alloy in present work (wt%) Elements Li Mg Zr Si Fe Cu Al Content 2.13 5.25 0.11 0.025 0.08 0.005 Bal.
The SAED pattern presents the main phases including α-Al and δ' (Al3Li) (Fig. 1d).
Abou El-khair: Mater Lett Vol. 59 (2005), p. 894 [5] A.

Two different compositions made were A356 Al alloy and A356 Al alloy with 1.5 wt.% TiB2.
Al matrix TiAl3 Eutectic Si+TiB2 a TiB2 Si-phase TiAl3 Al matrix b Fig. 3.
Abd El Aal, N.
El Mahallawy, F.A.
Abd El Hameed, E.Y.

The pseudo-dynamic testing method was carried out under El-Centro earthquake action with different peak acceleration adjusted by Code for Seismic Design of Buildings in mainland China.
[3] Qian JR, Chen MS, Zhang TS, et al.
(In Chinese) [4] Yu AL.
(In Chinese) [5] Yu AL, Zhao BC, Li RD, et al.
(In Chinese) [6] Yu AL, Zhao BC, Li RD, et al.

Defining σ as the effective stress and ε the effective strain, Owen et al [2] used the non-linear constitutive relation for the solid: b a( )σ ε= (2) with the coefficients a and b taking values of 60 and 3.0 respectively.
el pl vol vol vol d d d ε ε ε= + (3) where volε , el volε and pl volε are total volumetric strain, volumetric elastic strain and volumetric plastic strain, respectively.
The superscripts el and pl refer to elastic and plastic components respectively.
Defining 0e and e as the initial and instantaneous void ratio of the fibre respectively, the total volume change in the material can be expressed as: 0 1 e J 1 e + = + (4) and vol ln Jε = Considering the elastic component, el el 0 1 e J 1 e + = + (5) where el e is the elastic void ratio and el el vol ln Jε = From Eq. (3), pl el vol vol vol el 1 e d d d d ln( ) 1 e ε ε ε +  = − =  +  (6) A relationship between the voids ratio (e ) and the effective pressure stress ( p ) for elastic
and total deformation is expressed as: el de = κ− t t p p d(ln ) p + , =de λ− t t p p d(ln ) p + (7) where κ and λ are logarithmic bulk modulus and plastic hardening modulus, respectively. tp is tensile hydrostatic yield stress in the crushable foam plasticity model, i.e. 0 2 2 21 2 2 = + −      + − += tc / ct pp ) M q () pp p(F (8) where the compressive hydrostatic yield stress ( cp ) is assumed to be a function of the plastic volumetric strain, M is the slope of the critical state line and q is the Misses equivalent stress, respectively.

El Centro wave, Shanghai artificial wave, Kobe wave and Shanghai bedrock wave were adopted as excitations.
EL4 denotes the excitation of El Centro wave, with a peak acceleration of 0.517 g.
Fig. 9 shows the distribution of the normal strain amplitude along the left side of pile No. 3, excited by the El Centro wave.
Wood, et al: Soil Dyn.
Lu, et al: J.

El-Shazly Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Alexandria University, Egypt.
At the anode: Al → Al+3 +3e (1) Al+3 + 3OH- → Al (OH)3 (2) At the cathode: 2H2O + 2e → H2 + 2OH- (3) With the overall cell reaction that: Al + 3H2O → Al (OH)3 + 3/2 H2 (4) Accumulation of anodic and/or cathodic product on the electrode surfaces will certainly increase the resistance to mass transfer of Al+3 and/or H2 bubbles from the vicinity of the anode and cathode surfaces respectively to the solution bulk, which increases polarization on the electrode surfaces that reduces the amount of Al+3 and H2 bubbles generated and consequently reduce the unit performance.
The above results can be attributed to the fact that increasing current density will increase the dissolution rate of aluminum electrode according to Faraday's law with the formation Al+3 and hence the formation of AL(OH)3 coagulant according to reactions 1 to 4.
El-Kayar, H.A.
El-Abd, Y.A.

Hu.et al. [4] found that the single crystal Ni52.6Mn23.1Ga24.3 has a considerable magnetic-entropy change, 18J/kgK, in a field of 5T at the martensitic transition.
But O.Tegus.et al. [5] research on single crystal Ni53Mn22Ga25 shows that the magnetic-change is only modest, by far not as large as value of Ni52.6Mn23.1Ga24.3.
X-ray diffraction pattern of Ni54.9Mn20.5Ga24.6 at room temperature 0. 0 0. 5 1. 0 1. 5 2. 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 Moment(emu/g) µ0H(T) f i el d i ncr easi ng f i el d decr easi ng Fig.2.Magnetization isotherms of Ni54.9Mn20.5Ga24.6 on field increase and decrease at room temperature The AC-susceptibilities of the experimental alloy are shown in the Fig.3.
The width of temperature hysteresis is about 10K defined from the AC-susceptibilities curve. 280 290 300 310 320 330 340 350 360 370 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 2200 AC- s us c ept i bi l i t i es Temper at ur e( K) Dur i ng heat i ng Dur i ng cool i ng Fig.3.Temperature dependence of AC-susceptibility for Ni54.9Mn20.5Ga24.6 on heating and cooling 320 330 340 350 360 0 2 4 6 8 10 Moment(emu/g) Temperature(K) heat i ng cool i ng Fig.4.Temperature dependence of the magnetization of Ni54.9Mn20.5Ga24.6 in field of 0.05T 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 T=318K T=323K T=327K T=331K T=335K T=337K T=339K T=341K T=343K T=345K T=348K T=352K T=357K T=361K Moment(emu/g) μ 0H( T) 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 0 10 20 30 40 50 T=348K T=345K T=343K T=341K T=339K Moment(emu/g) µ0H(T) f i el d i ncr easi ng f i el d decr easi ng Fig.5.Magnetization isotherms of Ni54.9Mn20.5Ga24.6
Materials Science and Engineering A342 (2003) 231-235 [8] D.A.Filippov et al.Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials 258-259(2003) 507-509

Anisotropic Behavior of Different Three-Dimensional Structures Materials under Thermal Stress Effect BOUZID Sihem1,a*, HEBBIR Nacer2,b, HARNANE Yamina 3,c 1Department of mechanical engineering, University of Larbi-Ben-M’hidi, Oum-El-Bouaghi, Algeria 2Department of physics, University of Larbi-Ben-M’hidi, Oum-El-Bouaghi, Algeria 3Department of mechanical engineering, University of Larbi-Ben-M’hidi, Oum-El-Bouaghi, Algeria asihembouzid69@gmail.com, bhabnacer@gmail.com, charnane_y@yahoo.fr Keywords: Temperature, anisotropy, discretization, finite elements, simulation Abstract.
According to Jianping Zhang et al [14], heat transfer model based on EFG has been successfully applied to transient heat transfer problems in anisotropic material.
Afrid, Revue des Energies Renouvelables CISM’08 Oum-El-Bouaghi, (2008) 103 – 111
El-Ganaoui, J.
El-Bartali, P.

Cheng et al [9] and Abd El Aal et al [10] provided the results that sulfate induced steel corrosion problems might be more severe that that by chloride ions, whereas Al-Amoudi et al [11] and Ghods et al [12] reported that sulfate had a significant negative effect on steel corrosion but their corrosivity was relatively less than that of chloride.
El-Gelany: Mater.
Abd El Aal, S.
Abd El Wanees, A.
Abd El Haleem: Corros.