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Combustion Characteristics of Compressed Natural Gas in a Direct Microchannel-Injection Engine under Various Operating Conditions Taib Iskandar Mohamad1, a and How Heoy Geok2,b 1Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia 2Department of Mechanical Engineering, Multimedia University, Air Keroh, Melaka, Malaysia ataib@eng.ukm.my, bheoygeok@gmail.com Keywords: CNG, direct Injection; ignition delay; flame propagation; mass fraction burnt; indicated performance Abstract.
Heywood, Estimating Heat-Released and Mass of Mixture Burned from Spark-Ignition Engine Pressure Data, Combustion Science and Technology, 54(1987)133-143
Kono, Combustion Characteristics of a Natural-Gas Direct-Injection Combustion under Various Fuel Injection timings, Proceedings of the Institute of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering, 217:5(2003)393-401
How, The Structure of High Pressure Gas Jet from Spark Plug Fuel Injector for Direct Fuel Injection in Spark Ignition Engine, Journal of Visualization, 13:2(2012)121-131
Harrison, The effects of propane and gasoline sprays structures from automotive fuel injectors under various fuel and ambient pressures on engine performance, World Applied Sciences Journal, 18:3(2012)396-403.

Some works have been reported for studying the vibration signal for tool condition monitoring, but most of them focus on the metal material machining.
Acknowledgement The work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.50935001, No.U0734007, 51105253), Important National Science & Technology Specific Projects (2012ZX04003-051, 2012ZX04012-021, 2012ZX04003-031), “Shu Guang” project supported by Shanghai Municipal Education Commission and Shanghai Education Development Foundation (2011-2012), and Visiting Scholar Foundation (GZKF-201024) of State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems in ZheJiang University.
Sensor Signals for Tool-wear Monitoring in Metal Cutting Operations – A Review of Methods [J] .International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture, 40, p. 1073-1098, 2000
Drilling Wear Detection and Classification using Vibration Signals and Artificial Neural Network [J] .International Journal of Machine Tools & Manufacture, 43, p. 707-720, 2003
Monitoring Drill Conditions with Wavelet Based Encoding and Neural Networks [J] .International Journal of Machine Tools & Manufacture, 33, p. 559-575, 1993

Investigations on Hydrogen Content Change in Melt Aluminum During Casting under Adjusted Pressure Zhengbing XU 1, 2, Yongzhi ZOU 1, 2, Hong GU 1 and Jianmin ZENG 1, 2, a 1 Key Lab. of Nonferrous Materials and New Processing Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China 2 State Key Lab. of Solidification processing, Northwestern Polytechnic University, Xi' an 710072, China a zjmg@gxu.edu.cn Keywords: CAP process; Hydrogen; Aluminum melt.
Kang: Journal of Fuzhou University (Nature Science), Vol. 23 (1995), p. 48-49 [6] Z.Y.
Duan: Journal of University of Science and Technology Beijing, Vol. 11 (2004), p. 141 [8] L.Y.
Liu: The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals Vol. 10 (2000) p.219

Material and methods Raw material Okara samples (OS) were supplied from vendor soymilk shop (Si Ayutthaya road, Dusit, Bangkok, Thailand).
Acknowledgment We would like to acknowledge Food Science and Technology, The faculty Home Economic Technology which was also supported by Rajamangla University of Technology Phranakon, Bangkok.
Journal Agricultural Food Chemistry. 47,2, (1999), pp 363-371
Journal of Food chemistry, v.19,Issue 7 (2008), pp 654-661
Journal of Food chemistry, vol 108,Issue 3 (2008), pp 1099-1105

Effect of Cellulose Enzyme treatment on the Prickle of Ramie Knitting Fabric Xiguang Gao1, a, Weiguo Sun2, b 1,2College of textile and material, Xi’an polytechnic university, Xi’an, Shanxi, 710048, China anmgwu009@163.com, bsunweiguo8@yahoo.com.cn Keywords: quadratic general rotary; ramie; knitting fabric; cellulose; prickle sensation Abstract.
References [1] Mu Yao: Textile material science.
(China Textile & Apparel Press, china 1988),(In Chinese) [2] Lu Han, Weidong Yu: Research on the Mechanism of Fabric Prickle .Beijing Textile Journal Vol.4 2001 (In Chinese) [3] Huifen Sun, Jing Pan, Xinqing Sui: Progress of microbial cellulose molecular biology.
Shanghai Textile Science & Technology Vol. 13(1996), p. 44 (In Chinese) [4] Gehui Wang, Tao Zhao: Effect of rating scales and test parts of body on the evaluation results of fabric-evoked prickle.
Wool Textile Journal Vol.14 (2007), p. 1-2 (In Chinese) [5] Hongyan Zhang, Xishi Chen: Application of enzyme treatment of Ramie fabrics prickle .Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 13(2003), p. 41(In Chinese)

Material parameters.
Material parameters are shown in table 3.
Journal of PLA University of Science and Technology: Natural Science Edition, 2007, 8(6): 702-708( in Chinese) [2] LIN Gongmou,CHEN Libao,JIANG Lili,ZHENG Hongli.
Research on blasting stability control technology of large-span highway tunnel with super-small clear sapcing at highway expansion project[J].Chinese Jorunal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering. 2010,29(7):1371-1378(in chinese) [3] Yan Xiaobo,Zheng Bin,Deng Tao,Wu Xiangdong,Zang Yanwei.Effect of secondary thichness on blasting velocity and impact Stress.Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering[J]. 2012, supp1（8）(in chinese) [4] J.C.Li,H.B.Li,G.W.Ma,Y.X.Zhou.
Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2007, 26( 9): 1882-1887 ( in Chinese) [8] YI Chang-ping,LU Wen-bo.

Tribological investigation of the newly developed related materials is an outstanding research field.
Large scattering of the measured values reflected the inhomogeneity of the materials.
Hutchings: Tribology: Friction and Wear of Engineering Materials, Edward Arnold (Hodder Headline PLC), 1992.
[5] Standard test method for microindentation hardness of materials ASTM E 384, 1999
Clauer: Indentation fracture of WC-Co cermets; Journal of Material Science 20 (1985) pp. 1873-1882

The experimental materials and methods TC4 alloy is choose as experimental material, the size of the sample sheet is 10 × 10 ×3mm.
The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals, 2008 18 (8) 1395-1401 [3] Liu Yong, Yang De-zhuang, He Shi-yu, Wu Wan-liang.
Rare Metal Materials and Engineering, 2005 34 (1):128-131 [4] Yao Xiao-fei, Xie Fa-qin, Wang Yi-fei, Wu Xiang-qing.
Research on tribological and wear properties of Cu coating on TC4 alloy [J].Rare Metal Materials and Engineering, 2012 41 (12) 2135-2138 [5] Gao Yu-kui.
Rare Metal Materials and Engineering, 2010 39 (9) 1536-1539 [6] Han Dong, Liu Dao-xin, Xi Yun-tao.

The first factor is material strength failure, and second factor is elastic body instability failure.
Acknowledgement This work was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shanxi Province (No.2006011008).
International Journal of Fracture, Vol.10(1974),p.305-321
[3] S Q Zhang, B Z Jang, B T Valaire and J C Suhling: A new criterion for composite materials mixed mode fracture analysis.
[4] Zhang Shaoqin and Yang Weiyang: A New Fracture Criterion for Composite Materials.

Step 1 was sintering of source materials without a 3C-SiC substrate.
Polycrystalline SiC powder was used as source material.
Distance between the source materials and the substrate was 3.0 mm.
crucible source materials Sintering crucible source materials substrate Growth Fig.2 Schematic images of the crucible. 400 500 600 700 800 Wavelength (nm) Intensity 6H-SiC N-Al DAP 3C-SiC N-Al DAP Substrate 2000 °C 2100°C 2200 °C 2300 °C 2350°C Fig.3 Photoluminescence spectra of substrate and of epitaxial layers grown at 2000°C, 2100°C, 2200°C, 2300°C and 2350°C.
This work was partially supported by Grants for Regional Science and Technology Promotion from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology.