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An overall reduction of defects was observed with decreasing growth pressure while the surface roughness increased.
Another issue is 4H-SiC epilayers grown on 4°off-axis substrates at high rates usually suffer from step-bunching and triangular extended defects [12,13] even though 4° off-angle substrates have attracted much attention because of the reduction in basal plane dislocations (BPDs) density and waste of ingots, especially for the large diameter ones.
An overall reduction of defects was observed with decreasing growth pressure.
Findlay, SI Chemical Data, 4th ed.; John Wiley & Sons: Australia, (1998); p.115 [9] S.

Comparison of the top structure of the noise reduction effect of sound barrier, while taking into account the sound-absorbing material is added in the structure based on the common.
In the test of the same kind of structure by using different sound barrier sound absorbing materials were tested to obtain data, sound absorption properties of different absorption materials; insertion loss by replacing the top structure to test different, get the curves of different structure influence on insertion loss.
And the measured data and the front of the theoretical calculation results are compared, validate the theoretical results.
Time-domain Numerical of Noise Reduction by Diffraction and Finite Impedance of Barriers.
Skirts and Barriers for Reduction of Wayside Noise From Railway Vehicles-an Experimental Investigation with Application to the BR185 Locomotive.

However, its potential needs to be validated using experimental data, especially when new combustion regimes are investigated, as in the case of flameless combustion.
In addition, Mancini et al. have performed the steady state numerical simulations operated in flameless combustion mode and compared with experimental data.
Conclusion Flameless combustion offers a practical solution for the reduction of pollutant emission such as NOX.
In this work, a short review of the numerical work in flameless combustion was summarized and the reduction of NOX emissions were discussed.
Studies showed that most of the numerical results are in agreement with experimental results in term of reduction of NOX emission.

Of them, 500°C isotherm method has been applied, relatively easy applicable and the simple method being able to use data by a test.
The estimate on the strength reduction ratio and loading ratio of the doubly reinforced concrete beam exposed to a high temperature has been limited only to the general strength concrete.
For a result of the fire resistance test for 180 minutes, the effective cross section area and effective cross sectional area ratio have been also listed up as per 500°C Isotherm method based on measured temperature data as shown in Table 3.
For the fire resistance performance, maximum 38% strength reduction factor has been also confirmed as per the effective sectional area
In other words, the strength reduction factor of reinforcement has an impact on flexural capacity of beams and also the section is correlated to an variation of the reinforcement temperature.

The information monitoring center receives real-time data from all list subsystems through the GSM/GPRS network, function in the original data storage, statistics and analysis.
The gateway collects real-time data from each sensor node through the ZigBee network, gathers the original data for data encapsulation and protocol conversion, and then uploads data to the information monitoring center through the GSM/GPRS network.
CC2430 controls the MC35i terminal and transports data via RS-232 interface.
Next, the gateway packages the original data according to TCP data format and then establishing a TCP connection to send the data packets to the monitoring center database.
The application management software receives the original data from each subsystem, realizes the function of user management, data management, system parameters configuration, search, printing and etc.

Impregnation process in SC CO2 and reduction.
The reduction gas was a mixture of 5% H2 in N2 flowing at 60 ml min-1.
Table 2 shows the detailed data of the BET surface area, pore volume and mean pore diameter of selected Ru/AC catalyst samples prepared under SC CO2, and traditional aqueous condition, respectively.
Both curves exhibit almost the same main reduction peaks assigned to the reduction of Ru3+.
However, the 11# sample impregnated with SC CO2 shows an increased reduction temperature.

Temperature programmed reduction (TPR-H2) analysis was used to evaluate the reduction properties of the synthesized NiCo/SiO2 catalyst using Auto Chem II 2920 (Micromeritics).
The reaction data were collected at reduction condition of 350ºC, 1bar, total GHSV 30,000mL/gcat.h, H2/CO2=4:1.
This can be ascribed to the reduction of Co3O4 to CoO.
This peak was suggested to the reduction of CoO to Co and NiO to Ni [9,15].
This can be supported with the decreased in reduction temperature of α and β peaks.

(a) Thermo-couple (b) Data logger (c) Net-radiometer/albedometer Fig. 2 Thermal environmental measurement equipment Table. 1 Test pavement type Test A Test B Water-retentive asphalt pavement Water-retentive asphalt pavement Rigid asphalt pavement Rigid asphalt pavement Porous asphalt pavement Results and discussion Surface temperature of pavement (1 day, test A type) The global radiation and albedo of surface of water-retentive asphalt pavement is shown in Fig. 2 by comparing in the with those in the surfaces of rigid and porous asphalt pavements.
By the analysis of data measured over one year, difference of surface temperature between water retentive pavement and rigid asphalt pavement was found to have been maintained approx 8〜10℃ consistently.
So, rigid pavement showed poor cooling effect as well as very low temperature reduction speed.
This behaviour is shown better effect of temperature reduction with about five times than rigid and porous pavements ranging between 0.084〜0.085℃/min.
The following conclusions were drawn : 1) As results of the study, a nearly 10℃ difference exists between water-retentive pavement and other pavements (rigid asphalt pavement, porous asphalt pavement) in sunny day. 2) By result of long-term monitoring, reflection and water-retention of pavement was respectively shown that reduction effect of surface temperature of water-retentive asphalt pavement was to 6.8~7.2℃ and 8.1~9.4℃ lower than the other asphalt. 3) The main factor of temperature reduction of water-retentive asphalt pavement surface was shown the evaporation of water contained in the water-retention pavements and their lower surface albedo.

This increasing of impervious area was caused the urban dryness and destruction of water cycle and heat cycle by reduction of evaporation that is reduced from 42% in 1962 to 25% in 2002 [3].
Outdoor test facility for various pavement materials and systems (a) Thermo-couple (b) data logger (c) Net-radiometer and albedo meter Figure 2.
Also, sensible heat flux is calculated using measured data by measuring instruments.
This behaviour is shown better effect of temperature reduction than rigid and porous pavement.
The reduction effect of surface temperature continued for about 4 days and surface runoff of rainwater was not observed during the test period.

The results show that the formula which introduced reduction coefficient used in standard is favors of the security.
Building integrated photovoltaic power generation systems belong to new energy development, its advantage is little environmental pollution, energy saving, energy saving and emission reduction with the scientific development view.
Comparing the two kinds of calculation methods, it is known that the data using standard method to calculate the deflection and stress were big than that using the finite element method, the minimum difference between the two kinds of data was 5%, the maximum was 21%, and the difference increased with the adding ratio of deflection of glass and thickness [5]. 0 20 40 60 80 100 1 2 3 4 5 6 load（KPa) strain（MPa） Standard method Finite element method Figure 8 Two methods of calculating the stress and deflection contrast Conclusion The results showed that if the glass deflection is less 1 proportion of glass thickness there is a linear relation between stress and deflection.
The results show that the formula which introduced reduction coefficient used in standard is favors of the security.