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Online since: December 2012
Authors: Supawat Vivanpatarakij, Raksanai Nidhiritdhikrai, Weerin Wangjiraniran
The objective of this paper is to establish and manage the study group of Thailand and conduct the research activities and create the possible scenario stories of Thailand under the global trend of carbon reduction.
Set of individual measures related to energy efficiency, renewable energy, and fuel switching has been quantified to present to potential of greenhouse gases reduction in 2030.
Green products and renewable energy technologies are widely deployed to the market and replace conventional technology due to the requirement of carbon reduction. 5) Discuss on possibilities of future choice: After getting an idea of uncertainty range, the scenario tree are created based on the combination of three selected drivers as shown in Fig. 2.
If the picture of technological development is negative, it would be impossible to make government and societies have their own incentive to have strong awareness and challenge target of CO2 reduction at the same time.
Furthermore, the obtained scenarios would be significant input data for simulation of Thailand development outlook, focusing on balance of Economic, Environment, Energy and Social development (3E&1S) for Low Carbon Societies (LCS).
Set of individual measures related to energy efficiency, renewable energy, and fuel switching has been quantified to present to potential of greenhouse gases reduction in 2030.
Green products and renewable energy technologies are widely deployed to the market and replace conventional technology due to the requirement of carbon reduction. 5) Discuss on possibilities of future choice: After getting an idea of uncertainty range, the scenario tree are created based on the combination of three selected drivers as shown in Fig. 2.
If the picture of technological development is negative, it would be impossible to make government and societies have their own incentive to have strong awareness and challenge target of CO2 reduction at the same time.
Furthermore, the obtained scenarios would be significant input data for simulation of Thailand development outlook, focusing on balance of Economic, Environment, Energy and Social development (3E&1S) for Low Carbon Societies (LCS).
Online since: June 2007
Authors: Yoon Chang Park, Ha Kyun Jung, Dae Won Lee
The maximum emission intensity for this spherical blue phosphor was obtained
by reduction treatment at 1450°C.
On the other hand, the relative emission intensity of the synthesized phosphor rises with increasing reduction temperature.
Accordingly, it can be evaluated that the optimum reduction temperature for spherical BAM particles synthesized by the two-stage precipitation method is 1450°C.
However, the optimized reduction temperature for the spherical phosphor was 1450°C on the basis of VUV-PL data.
On the other hand, the relative emission intensity of the synthesized phosphor rises with increasing reduction temperature.
Accordingly, it can be evaluated that the optimum reduction temperature for spherical BAM particles synthesized by the two-stage precipitation method is 1450°C.
However, the optimized reduction temperature for the spherical phosphor was 1450°C on the basis of VUV-PL data.
Online since: July 2014
Authors: Yong Mei Qian, Ya Jun Yin, Guang Han Xu
Strength reduction method based on numerical simulation technology changes this situation.
In the strength reduction method, safety factor of slope stability is defined as: While the slope just reaches the critical failure state, the degree reduce on rock soil shear strength, that safety factor is defined as ratio of the actual shear strength of rock soil and the shear strength after reduction when happens critical failure.Points of strength reduction method is using type 1, type 2 to adjust the strength indicators and of rock and soil ( in the type, is cohesive force after the reduction, is friction angle after the reduction, is reduction factor), then make numerical analysis for the slope stability, continuously increase the reduction factor, calculate repeatedly, until it reaches the critical damage, the reduction factor is the factor of safety.
The data as shown in table 2.
In the strength reduction method, safety factor of slope stability is defined as: While the slope just reaches the critical failure state, the degree reduce on rock soil shear strength, that safety factor is defined as ratio of the actual shear strength of rock soil and the shear strength after reduction when happens critical failure.Points of strength reduction method is using type 1, type 2 to adjust the strength indicators and of rock and soil ( in the type, is cohesive force after the reduction, is friction angle after the reduction, is reduction factor), then make numerical analysis for the slope stability, continuously increase the reduction factor, calculate repeatedly, until it reaches the critical damage, the reduction factor is the factor of safety.
The data as shown in table 2.
Online since: September 2015
Authors: Saniye Karaman Öztaş
Considering the urgency of saving the world’s energy reserve and reduction of environmental impacts, studies on the energy consumption throughout the life cycle of building materials are crucial.
It would be very useful and provide significant data if each manufacturer recorded the energy used associated with their building materials.
For ceramic products the replacement of old intermittent kilns with tunnel kilns with an increased energy efficiency of 20%, the use of high speed burners and the recovery of the heat from the kiln smoke to preheat/dry the product to be fired, thus achieving a reduction in the consumption of the kiln of 5% and 8% respectively, and the installation of cogeneration systems with a reduction of 10% in the primary power. [12].
The energy saved is equal to one third of the energy needed in production and the reduction of CO2 emission is equal to the O2 production of 2.7 million trees [15].
It would be very useful and provide significant data if each manufacturer recorded the energy used associated with their building materials.
For ceramic products the replacement of old intermittent kilns with tunnel kilns with an increased energy efficiency of 20%, the use of high speed burners and the recovery of the heat from the kiln smoke to preheat/dry the product to be fired, thus achieving a reduction in the consumption of the kiln of 5% and 8% respectively, and the installation of cogeneration systems with a reduction of 10% in the primary power. [12].
The energy saved is equal to one third of the energy needed in production and the reduction of CO2 emission is equal to the O2 production of 2.7 million trees [15].
Behaviour of Light Induced Defect Generation and Carrier Lifetime Degradation in Solar Grade Silicon
Online since: July 2012
Authors: Virginie Mong-The Yen, Isabelle Périchaud, Damien Barakel, Marcel Pasquinelli, Olivier Palais, Béchir Dridi Rezgui
We conclude that the dissociation of iron-boron pairs must be taken into account to explain the light-induced lifetime reduction.
Introduction Light induced degradation (LID) in silicon solar cells has been recognized as a significant cause of minority carrier lifetime reduction during cell operation due to a metastable defect formation under illumination.
A best fit to the experimental data suggested that the generation rate of the (BsO2i)+ defects is controlled by the capture of a majority-carrier hole by the dimer following the capture of a minority-carrier electron and by the Coulomb attraction of the O2i++ to the Bs- atom.
However, other defects based on metallic impurities were proposed to explain the structural identity of the trap responsible for the lifetime reduction [5].
Therefore, we can legitimately assume that the reduction in τeff under illumination is due to the BOi2 formation.
Introduction Light induced degradation (LID) in silicon solar cells has been recognized as a significant cause of minority carrier lifetime reduction during cell operation due to a metastable defect formation under illumination.
A best fit to the experimental data suggested that the generation rate of the (BsO2i)+ defects is controlled by the capture of a majority-carrier hole by the dimer following the capture of a minority-carrier electron and by the Coulomb attraction of the O2i++ to the Bs- atom.
However, other defects based on metallic impurities were proposed to explain the structural identity of the trap responsible for the lifetime reduction [5].
Therefore, we can legitimately assume that the reduction in τeff under illumination is due to the BOi2 formation.
Online since: June 2011
Authors: Xiu Liang Yu, Lan Tan
And now, with the gradual reduction of the influence of the financial crisis, the online purchase intention for consumers is changing subtly.
And now, with the gradual reduction of the influence of the financial crisis, the online purchase intention for consumers is changing subtly.
The average value will be calculated after the data are collected.
Other data shows that, for once again shopping, the students tend to select in the same shop, while there is no obvious trend for working groups.
And now, with the gradual reduction of the influence of the financial crisis, the online purchase intention for consumers is changing subtly.
The average value will be calculated after the data are collected.
Other data shows that, for once again shopping, the students tend to select in the same shop, while there is no obvious trend for working groups.
Online since: June 2013
Authors: Guo Lai Yang, Yan Zhao, Ming Qiu, Jun Bo Xiao
Junzheng Huang, et al [1] came up with bond graph theory to establish the model of buffering movement of overall gun to get the best way of recoil reduction by comparing three different buffers.
(2) Based on the simulation in ADAMS software and the installation of muzzle brake and the original spring buffer, this paper can get the data that the maximum displacement x is 9.32mm, the maximum recoil is 37686N.
Calculations suggest that although the original chain gun installs a high-efficiency brake, the effect of recoil reduction is not satisfactory because of the original spring buffer
The effect of recoil reduction with simple structure can be realized easily.
Research results can provide theoretical guidance and reference for continuation study of chain gun recoil reduction.
(2) Based on the simulation in ADAMS software and the installation of muzzle brake and the original spring buffer, this paper can get the data that the maximum displacement x is 9.32mm, the maximum recoil is 37686N.
Calculations suggest that although the original chain gun installs a high-efficiency brake, the effect of recoil reduction is not satisfactory because of the original spring buffer
The effect of recoil reduction with simple structure can be realized easily.
Research results can provide theoretical guidance and reference for continuation study of chain gun recoil reduction.
Online since: September 2003
Authors: Hisayoshi Itoh, Takeshi Ohshima, Kin Kiong Lee
The
reduction in the saturation drain-source current is correlated to both simultaneous degradation of the
channel mobility and an increase in the threshold voltage shift.
The solid lines are fits to data using Eq. 3.
The value of A = 0.80 and B = 8.12×1012 cm-2 gives an excellent fit to the measured data.
The reduction in the channel mobility and an increase in the threshold voltage shift are due to the increase in the Coulomb scattering centers.
The channel mobility was found to recover to 83% of its pre-radiation value and simultaneously a reduction in the interface trap density.
The solid lines are fits to data using Eq. 3.
The value of A = 0.80 and B = 8.12×1012 cm-2 gives an excellent fit to the measured data.
The reduction in the channel mobility and an increase in the threshold voltage shift are due to the increase in the Coulomb scattering centers.
The channel mobility was found to recover to 83% of its pre-radiation value and simultaneously a reduction in the interface trap density.
Online since: October 2014
Authors: Abina M. Crean, Robert J. Ahern, Rakesh Dontireddy, Walid Faisil, John P. Hanrahan, Brendan T. Griffin, Katie B. Ryan
An increase in crystalline content results in a reduction in dissolution enhancement.
Data will be presented demonstrating the reduction in dissolution performance as the level of drug loading and crystallinity increases.
Drug dissolution enhancement Due to the reduction in crystalline drug content and increased drug surface area, enhanced drug dissolution was observed in the first 30 minutes for the majority of drug-silica systems studied by our group.
While differential scanning calorimetry and standard powder X-ray diffraction analysis are useful to determine a reduction in drug crystallinity, these techniques need to be supported by ancillary techniques such as solid state NMR and pair-wise distribution function analysis of X-ray and neutron diffraction data.
Data will be presented demonstrating the reduction in dissolution performance as the level of drug loading and crystallinity increases.
Drug dissolution enhancement Due to the reduction in crystalline drug content and increased drug surface area, enhanced drug dissolution was observed in the first 30 minutes for the majority of drug-silica systems studied by our group.
While differential scanning calorimetry and standard powder X-ray diffraction analysis are useful to determine a reduction in drug crystallinity, these techniques need to be supported by ancillary techniques such as solid state NMR and pair-wise distribution function analysis of X-ray and neutron diffraction data.
Online since: September 2013
Authors: Gai Ge Zheng, Min Lai, Lin Hua Xu
The results demonstrate that sufficient CTAB amount is important in order to obtain AuNRs and the reduction rate of Au ions was dependent on the AA concentration.
The reduction rate of Au ions was dependent on the AA concentration.
Low concentration of AA caused slower reduction kinetic, hence allows slow diffusion of Au ions on the Au seeds particles surface.
However, excess AA caused forced reduction, resulted in the decrease of AuNRs aspect ratio.
Filled dots represent the experimental data and straight line is calculated data.
The reduction rate of Au ions was dependent on the AA concentration.
Low concentration of AA caused slower reduction kinetic, hence allows slow diffusion of Au ions on the Au seeds particles surface.
However, excess AA caused forced reduction, resulted in the decrease of AuNRs aspect ratio.
Filled dots represent the experimental data and straight line is calculated data.