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Rock, concrete and soil are granular materials.
Therefore, the criteria can be applied to grainy materials such as rock-soil.
The yield surface of material will not change with the yield of material, but its yield strength will increase with the increase of water pressure.
As for part needed to be supported, corresponding part and materials would be activated.
Rail Journal. (1996), (38) [4] Xu Yinyan.

Experimental Materials.
Bismarck, Journal of Materials Chemistry 20 (2010) 4751-4762
Geunsung Lee, Jinyong Lee, Woong-Ryeol Yu, Mechanical properties of CNT-grafted carbon fiber composites, EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON COMPOSITE MATERIALS, vol 16, 2014
Yu, Materials & Design 46 (2013) 688-695
Choi, Composites Science and Technology 69 (2009) 245-251

Therefore, Mg-based alloys have attracted considerable attentions on the investigation for biomedical implant materials [2, 3].
Especially, the icosahedra and medium range order consisted by it are believed to be the key factors controlling the mechanical properties of metallic materials.
Therefore, investigate the network connectivity among ICOI structure is special important for comprehend the mechanical properties of amorphous materials.
Simka, Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance, Vol. 24 (2014) , p. 167
Ma, Progress in Materials Science, Vol. 56 (2011) , p. 379.

Low Temperature Boronizing of Surface Nanostructured Ni-Cr-Mo Steel using SMAT Sreejith G1, a *, Sunny Teotia1,b, Sahu J N 2,c and Sasikumar C1,d 1Dept of Materials Science & Metallurgical Engineering, MANIT, Bhopal, M.P., India 2 Materials Testing Division, BHEL, Bhopal, M.P., India asreeju_g87@yahoo.co.in, bsunnyteotia15@gmail.com, cjogindrasahu@bhelbpl.co.in, dcsasimv@gmail.com Keywords: Boronizing, SMAT, low temperature diffusion, surface nano-crystallization.
Introduction Surface mechanical attrition treatment (SMAT) is one of the techniques for producing a nano-crystalline surface in which high velocity balls are made to collide on the materials at high frequency [1, 2].
However grain coarsening would also occur in the materials at high temperatures which devastate the effect of SMAT.
Shaw, Comparison between shot peening and surface nanocrystallization and hardening processes, Materials Science and Engineering A 463 (2007) 46–53
Takacs, Coating metals by surface mechanical attrition treatment, Journal of Alloys and Compounds 441 (2007) 111–114

Microsture and properties of a Cu-Cr-Zr-Fe-Ti alloy Huang Fuxiang 1School of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, People’s Republic of China hfuxiang@163.com Keywords: Cu-Cr-Zr system alloy; Aging; hardness; electrical conductivity Abstract.
Visca,etc. , Journal of Nuclear Materials, 307（ 2002） 677-680  [11] I.
Banerjee, Materials Science and Engineering A, 356（2003）32-36 [12] Huang FX, Ma JSNing HL etc., Scripta Materialia, 48( 2003) 97-102 [13] W.
Wang, , Materials Science and Engineering A, 343( 2003)89-96  [14] K.
Sanyal, 54(2005) 131-140 [15] Mahulikar D., Proceedings of 3rd International Symposium on Advanced Packaging Materials, 1997, p. 94 –97 [16] Ghosh, G.

Yashiro, Materials Science and Engineering: A, 243 (1998) 244-249
Hamada, in: 7th International Conference on Key Engineering Materials (ICKEM 2017), IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Enginerring, 2017
Kobayashi, Materials & Design, 97 (2016) 445-453
Niinomi, Journal of the mechanical behavior of biomedical materials, 20 (2013) 407-415
Kandil, Materials Science and Engineering: C, 61 (2016) 574-578

Metallurgical and materials transactions. 36A, 9, (2005):2493-2504
Journal of the Minerals, Metals and Materials Society. 2004, 56(9): 44-48 [9] Gang Liu, Lin Liu, Cheng Ai.
Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A. 2011, 42A: 2733-2741
The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society. 2004: 801-810
Materials Letters. 2004, 58: 2290-2294.

However, because of their high hardness, brittleness, chemical stability and good abrasion resistance, these materials are very difficult to machining.
The ultrasonic grinding compound process has been proved to be one of the best processing technologies for brittle materials.
Acknowledgements This research was funded by Guangdong-Hong Kong's Key Areas Important Breakthrough Project (2006A15101004), Guangdong Key Project of Science and Technology (2007B010400051), Guangzhou Key Project of Science and Technology (2009Z2-D611), Panyu Key Project of Science and Technology (2008-Z-43-1).
Hu: Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering Vol. 39 (2003), p.60-67
Babitsky, et al.: Computational Materials Science Vol. 39 (2007), p. 149-154

Some geometric parameters as well as the properties of materials used for manufacturing transducers may be defined using widely known analytical relationships [1].
Since dispersion curves depend on plate thickness and its material properties, the transducer should be designed for a specific structure to achieve optimal operational parameters.
The selected geometrical characteristics as well as material properties used for manufacturing transducers may be defined using widely known analytical relationships [1].
Giurgiutiu, Single mode tuning effects on lamb wave time reversal with piezoelectric wafer active sensors for structural health monitoring, Journal of Nondestructive Evaluation (26) (2007) 123–134
Lowe, Acoustic fields from PVDF interdigital transducers, IEE Proceedings Science, Measurement and Technology 5(145) (1998) 250–259.

Experiment Extrusion billets (as shown in Fig.1) were got by permanent mould cast with materials of pure industrial Mg, Zn, Al and Ca.
The starting materials were melted in steel crucible protected by 0.5%SF6 + CO2 as shielding gas atmosphere.
Microstructures and fracture surface of the experimental materials were examined on EPM-810 scanning electron microscope equipped with energy dispersive spectrometer.
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