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Carbon market risk directly affects the investor confidence and emission reduction results.
Empirical study In this paper, the portfolio risk of the future value in carbon market are estimated, the data we studied are two series of future value in the same historical times.
On the base of assuming the weights of these two are equal, the portfolio risk could be calculated to tell which model is better by comparing with the real data.
Because of the lack of data of dec12 on Dec 26 2007, the data on that day of dec11 is omitted.
Finally total 1189 groups of data is considered.

The total area of Si-Hx related bands appeared from Fig. 2(b) and (c) (as a representative figure of all fitted data) are enhanced by a factor of ~1.45 and 2.43 after a-Si:H coating on 5 and 40 mA/cm 2 PS.
Any imperfections or disorder in the crystalline specimens invariably results in such a reduction.
The logarithm of peak-to-peak (pp) height of third joint density of states (3JDOS) at E1 shows a systematic reduction as a function of current density (see Fig. 3 inset) [8,9].
It may be noted in Table 1 (layer 3) that with the thickness reduction [from 77(9) to 50.2(7) nm], there is also a substantial reduction in the void fraction [from 97.13 to 35.2] hence the actual quantity of SiO2 is not reflected by the thickness alone.
Hence, the quantity of a-SiO2 is actually increasing with current density as evident from FTIR data.

The signal was recorded at 256Hz and consisted of 128 data blocks with 1024 sample points in each block for every experiment.
In this paper, both the amplitude reduction ratio RA and the average amplitude reduction ratio RA within the length of measuring line were used to evaluate the vibration isolation effectiveness of WIB for different test cases.
Under the influence of geometric (a) Vibrator (b) Control and drive unit Fig. 2: Continue Surface Wave System (a) 941B velocity meter (b) Recording box Fig. 3: Data acquisition system for the test 350350 200200 500 500 200 200 Embedded depth：200 (Case 2)，400(Case 3) 4000 500500500500500500500500 2#1# 3# 4# 5# 6# 7# 8# 8#7#6#5#4#3# 1# 2# 0.000 0.000 WIB 50 200 Model Foundation Electric Vibrator Measuring Point WIB (a) Plan view (b) Sectional view Fig. 4: Field test layout and material damping, the power of waves dissipated during the propagation to the infinite.
As illustrated in Fig. 8, except for some certain data points, two kinds of results show the same trend and have a good agreement on the Table 2: RA for different cases in the vertical directions 65Hz 70Hz 75Hz Case 2 0.53 0.45 0.31 Case 3 0.59 0.57 0.38 Silt μ4，Cs4，G4 8 Thin layer Sandy silt μ3，Cs3，G3 Clayey silt μ2，Cs2，G2 Paraxial boundary 9odes Free surface of half-space Stiff footing WIB μb,Csb,Gb Fill μ1，Cs1，G1 F Fig. 7: Semi-analytical BEM model whole.
Embankment Train Track on Soil Stratum and Wave Impeding Block (WIB) Measured for Vibration Reduction.

The dyed fabric was then rinsed with cold water and reduction-cleared at 60 oC for 15 min using a solution of 2 g/l Na2CO3 and 2 g/l Na2S2O4, at a liquor to goods ratio of 40:1.
It is observed that SY-14 exhibits very good dye exhaustion (96.7%) and high color strength before reduction clearing (K/S value 20.1), but its K/S value sharply decreases to 11.2 after reduction clearing.
For primary sulfonamide dye 3a, it exhibits the lowest exhaustion (87.4%) and K/S value (< 5.0), and its K/S value also sharply decreases from 4.9 (before reduction clearing) to 2.8 (after reduction clearing).
Whereas for tertiary sulfonamide dyes 3d and 3e, their dye exhaustions ( > 96%) and K/S values ( > 13) are the highest, and their loss percentage of K/S values after reduction clearing are inconspicuous ( < 13%).
It is clear from data of Tables 1 and 2 that dyeing results and color fastness properties of the same type of sulfonamide dyes bearing different length of saturated alkyl group are much closer, but the dyeing results of different type of sulfonamide dyes with the same molecular weight have great difference.

Palladized biomass of typical Gram negative bacteria (Desulfovibrio desulfuricans and Escherichia coli) is well documented as a potentially useful catalyst for reduction of metallic species such as Cr(VI).
Palladized cells had high catalytic activity in the production of hydrogen from hypophosphite [13], the dehalogenation of polychlorinated biphenyls [14] and the reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) in batch suspension [15] or flow-through reactor [16] systems.
Bio-supported palladium particles were prepared by reduction of sodium tetrachloropalladate(II) onto D. desulfuricans using hydrogen gas as the electron donor [12].
Previous studies using the reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) as a criterion of catalytic activity of Bio-PdD. desulfuricans showed that a loading of 5% Pd on the biomass was optimal [23] and this was adopted for the current study, in comparison with a commercial 5% Pd on carbon catalyst.
Data are means ± SEM.

The results show that processing by ECAP lead to only minor reductions in workability of CP Ti.
Each data point indicates combination of axial and hoop strains at failure of the tested specimens.
After the second pass through route Bc there was no considerable reduction in workability limits.
These studies can be used to optimize the processing routes that will result in improved strength with only small reductions in workability [14].
There is considerable scatter in the workability test results; however results show that ECAP for one pass and two passes through Route C result only in small reductions in the workability of CP Ti.

Hence the governing physical equations are not respected and for feasible predictions a proper data base is necessary.
Three different time step sets are defined to generate the training data of the subsequent surrogate models.
The parameter definition of the surrogate Table 3: Prescribed time steps for the three training data sets.
Fig. 10 shows the error plot of the linear RSM model with respect to training data set variation.
Training data set two is used for this comparison.

Their activities in pH reduction and sulfate production indicating high H2S removal efficiency from the drainage collected from wastewater plant nearby the isolated area of Mae Moh, Lampang province.
The pH reduction of the broth were detected by thiosulphate agar medium and the pure isolates were thus restreaked on TS medium agar plates.
Among them, 12 isolates could be obtained after changing the color of the media from purple to colorless by their pH reduction ability on the bromophenol blue containing sulphur oxidising broth and agar medium.
The pH reduction after incubation at 25-30oC for 15 days, high acidity production together with sulfate solution accumulation to the solution (shown in Fig. 3) demonstrated high bacterial activity in H2S removal.
Conclusions These data suggest that Thiobacillus sp.

The reduction of welding-related health hazards requires interventions affecting amounts and chemical compositions of noxious substances.
The use of gas mixtures of various and improved chemical compositions leads to the significant reduction of fume and gas emissions during welding processes [2,6].
While analysing the data concerning the welding fume emission rate during welding of high-alloy steels, at the same time it is necessary to emphasize the fact that emission is also affected by shielding gas composition and by welding current.
Shielding gases affecting fume emission reduction and reduction of chromium (VI) and nickel contents in fume Reduction possibility Shielding gases used during welding X5CrNi18-10 grade austenitic steel Shielding gases used during welding X6Cr17 ferritic chromium steel ColdArc CMT MIG/MAG ColdArc CMT MIG/MAG Fume emission Ar + 2% O2 Ar + 2% O2 Cr(VI) Ar + 2.5% CO2 Ar Ar + 2.5% CO2 Ar + 2.5% CO2 Ar + 2% O2 Ar + 18% CO2 Ni Ar + 2.5% CO2 References [1] J.

MAP treatments could postpone the increase of TTS, inhibit the reduction of TA, and avoid the decrease of flesh firmness.
Data analysis was done by an analysis of variance, with mean separation by 0.05 levels.
Many researches support that low O2 and/or high CO2 can retard the reduction of organic acids in plant tissue.
MAP treatments could postpone the increase of TTS, inhibited the reduction of TA, avoid the decrease of flesh firmness, however, MAP couldn’t maintain ascorbic acid.