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Grains of 10 to 50 µm size were quite common.
The grains were all relatively small in this specimen.
Fracture can initiate in a large grain as shown in Fig. 6.
The orientation of the grain may also be a factor.
[8] NIST Structural Ceramics Database, SRD Database Number 30, NIST, www.ceramics.nist.gov/srd/scd/scdquery.htm, (2004)

The samples with 0 mol% Li2O NKN-5LT consist of mostly equiaxed matrix grains with submicron-size and some abnormal grains, square or rectangular in appearance.
As the Li2O was added up to a maximum of 1 mol%, the number of abnormal grains and the grain size increased.
All the grains have faceted boundaries.
When more Li2O was added, the abnormal grains impinged upon each other in the samples, deterring further growth and consequently decreasing abnormal grain size.
The 7 mol% Li2O sample consists mostly of equiaxed matrix grains and no abnormal grains are present.

When the deformation temperature was between 300°C～ 400°C, more and more minute equiaxed grains of recrystallization appeared in the deformation organizations, and the number of the β phase became less with the big grains substituted by the equiaxed grains gradually.
The higher the temperature was, the less the number of theβ phase left.
So, with the deformation going, the grains in the alloy stretched into sinewy and dynamically recrystallized, and the recrystallized grains nucleated mainly in the area between grain-boundary and sub-boundary.
The grains in the deformed alloy were refined to a great extent
In the experiment, we only observed the deformation of grains in the organization because the phenomenon mainly was connected with the shortage inside the grains [7].

Superhard, abrasive cutting grains (Diamant or CBN) are affixed on the outer surface of the expansion and elastic tool (Figure 1).
Figure 1 „Quasi honing” or microfinishing (Honmachine type SzFSØ65x315B, workpiece: Ns=4; dmax=29,5 mm; dmin=26 mm; 2e=2,5 mm; T=± 0.05 mm; G03 HRC 60±2; adjustable hontool: Syntetic Diamant size of grains 25/20 and 16/10 µm; bond material: Ni) The same principles relate to the selection of the material of the grains, their size (fraction), and their surface grain density, as to the selection for abrasive stones.
Indexing angle: (6) where Ns is the number of polygon sides (Figure 2/a).
The application of the tool family is economical a sufficiently large number of workpieces (medium and large mass production).
For workpieces of a smaller number, application of free abrasive grains (lapping compound) is also successful in addition to the use of the expansion body.

The sample number and heat treatment process see Table 2.
A large number of ferrite exists in the sample quenched at 760°C, and part of them is independent existence as block shaped (Fig. 2a).
Analysis of the reasons, the grain growth style of austenite mainly through the grain boundary migration, but there exists a small amount of ferrite in the sub-temperature quenched microstructure, and the austenite has been split by ferrite, as a result, the presence of ferrite impede its crystallization border movement of inhibiting austenite grain growth.
At the same time, due to the lower quenching temperature, which is not conducive to atomic diffusion, so grain boundary migration is slow [3], therefore the austenite grain growth is hindered.
Metallographic analysis shows that a small number of ferrite block exists in the sample quenched 760°C (see Fig. 2a), ferrite block has a significant reduction in the hardness and strength.

In fig. 2(a) it can be see that the primary carbide has the typical conventional solidification structure, there exist a large number of coarse long rod-shaped primary phase in the solidification without ECP.
But because processing time of ECP is too short, the liquid-solid interface is unstable and the grains grow anisotropically in its perferred crystallographic orientation, leading to get a large number of rod-shaped primary carbides grain, such as fig. 2 (f).
So, reduce the tendency for supercooling, the liquid-solid interface is table and grains grow spherically.
To sum up, factor of forced convection caused under the periodic Lorenz force and Peliter heat effect in Solid-liquid interface prevent the growth of the crystal grain, the optimal refinement globular carbides crystal grain be obtained, such as fig. 2 (g).
The factor of heating effect of ECP, played a major role under the low cooling rate, so the adjacent refinement primary crystal grain grow, result in coarse crystal with expanding of processing time, As the temperature field and concentration field is relatively uniform, less long rod-shaped grains, such as fig .2 (h).

For a specific place, the number of GPS points in cabs trajectories in a given time slice will be regularly changing if this number is big enough.
We assume that the number of GPS points in specific space indicates the number of cabs in some place.
So we analyze cabs’ GPS points’ number change to express the cabs number change.
(a)5381 total number of cabs number (GPS points) in unban place (b) 9240 total number of cabs number (GPS points) in unban place (c)16260 total number of cabs number (GPS points) in unban place (d)260401 total number of cabs number (GPS points) in unban place As we can see in the Fig1, when the total number of GPS points in some unban place is huge, as (d), the changing characteristic is periodic and disciplinary.
Gruteser, "Towards Fine-Grained Urban Traffic Knowledge Extraction Using Mobile Sensing," in UrbComp, 2012

The average grain size and crystalline nature of the samples is further confirmed by using the HR-TEM analysis.
It is well known that gas sensing mechanism is surface-controlled and the gas sensing behaviour is controlled by the transport properties of grain and grain boundary [5].
Therefore the grain and grain boundary resistance have to be investigated for understanding the mechanism of gas sensing by granular materials.
The resistance Ra of the sample strongly decreases with increase in temperature due to increase of the number density (Nd) and mobility of charge carrier, while the capacitance Ca slightly increases with temperature due to increase of number density.
The changes on the dc resistance/real part of impedance of the sample in the presence of LPG were governed by the number density of charge carrier.

Such results permit to calculate a relative intensity of field between the grains.
Introduction By using of porous magnetic materials (for example, in magnetic separators, filters) the working element of which is magnetized granulated material with system of branched porous [1-4], one of the important task is to obtain the information about field parameters within porous, between grains, the intensity h in particular.
Design data may be compared with experimental data, particularly, by measuring magnetic flux in different radius cores of the single ball chain (“long” chain consisting of less than 8 balls, this number of balls is self-sufficient to minimize demagnetizing factor as shown in experiments) magnetized in long solenoid.
The possibility of using an expression for by calculation of field intensity h=in either, one or another point on the defined distance from contact point of grains in the porous ferromagnetic material is confirmed.
Sandulyak: On the Properties of “Short” Granular Magnets with Disordered Chains of Grains: A Field between Grains / Physics of the Solid State (2010).

The model has lately also been extended by Brahme [13] to include an anisotropic grain boundary energy and an anisotropic grain boundary mobility.
The grain boundary energy is characterized by the misorientation between the two neighboring grains.
Just as the grain boundary energy, the mobility anisotropy is also dependent on the grain boundary misorientation.
Mykura: Grain Boundary Structure and kinetics ed.
Conf. on Recrystallisation and Grain Growth, eds.