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Introduction Advanced metallic materials commonly exhibit several deformation mechanisms resulting in complicated deformed microstructures.
Averaged engineering strain values were retrieved from the corresponding strain maps and used to calculate the true stress-strain values.
These can only cross slip after stress- and thermally assisted local recombination, hence the planar slip prevalence in materials with low stacking fault energy.
Hirsch, Electron diffraction based techniques in scanning electron microscopy of bulk materials, Micron 28 (1997) 279-308
Crimp, Scanning Electron Microscopy Imaging of Dislocations in Bulk Materials, Using Electron Channeling Contrast, Microscopy Research Technique 69 (2006) 374-381

Influence of Prestress on Axial Compressive Behavior of High-Strength Concrete-Filled FRP Tubes Thomas Vincent1,a 1School of Civil, Environmental and Mining Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia 5005 atvincent@civeng.adelaide.edu.au Keywords: Concrete; High-strength concrete; Fiber reinforced polymer (FRP); Confinement; Concrete-filled FRP tube (CFFT); Columns; Stress-strain relations; Prestress.
Initially a summary of the test program is provided followed by a comparison of the axial stress-strain responses, finally a discussion on the influence of the key parameters is provided.
Test Program Test Specimens and Materials.
[4] Karabinis, A.I. and Rousakis, T.C. (2002) "Concrete confined by FRP material: a plasticity approach."
[25] Ozbakkaloglu, T. and Louk Fanggi, B. (2013) "FRP-HSC-steel composite columns: behavior under monotonic and cyclic axial compression" Materials and Structures. doi: 10.1617/s11527-013-0216-0

Effect of Ionic Liquid Pretreatment on the Enzymatic Saccharification of Sugarcane Bagasse Wei Liao1,a, Zhaomei Wang*1,2,b and Bingjie Li1,c 1 College of Light Industry and Food Science, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China, 510640 2State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China, 510640 alw12abby@163.com, bwangzm@scut.edu.cn, chydebai@163.com Keywords: Sugarcane bagasse, Saccharification, Ionic Liquid.
Lignocellulosic materials can be converted to fermentable sugar by hydrolysis and studies with the use of SCB as the substrate of the enzymatic hydrolysis have been investigated for the enhancement in the hydrolysis using different pretreatment methods, such as steam explosion [4,5] and alkali pretreatment [6].
However, the reported literatures started with isolated cellulose as raw material instead of lignocellulosic wastes.
In this study, lignocellulosic materials SCB was selected for saccharification with ILs as pretreatment for isolation and modification of cellulose simultaneously.
Materials and Methods Materials.

Effect of Footfall Induced Vibration on Footbridges Aw Jia Hao1,a, Mohammed Parvez Anwar1,b and Wael Elleithy1,c* 1,2,3Department of Civil Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus Selangor 43500, Malaysia akeex4ajo@nottingham.edu.my, banwar.parvez@nottingham.edu.my, cwael.elleithy@nottingham.edu.my Keywords: footfall, concrete footbridges, composite footbridges, finite element modelling, dynamic response Abstract.
Lighter materials are used in footbridges due to improved mechanical characteristics of materials, making the structures adaptable to modern and slender designs.
Step frequency is one of the key parameters in estimation of bridge vibration.
The agreed set of damping ratio for different materials used in construction industry was suggested by Bachmann et al., where steel and reinforced concrete having damping ratio of 0.2% and 0.8% respectively [9].
Any further increase in slab thickness results in higher mass and more construction materials to be used with insignificant reduction in dynamic response.

Both cereal proteins (e.g. corn zein, wheat gluten, soy) and animal proteins (e.g. dairy, collagen, gelatin and myfibrillar proteins) are commonly employed to produce agricultural packaging materials[1].Wheat gluten may be a candidate to replace synthetic polymers in many non-food applications because of its unique viscoelastic properties and the ease with which its heterogeneous primary structure can be modified.
Recent research has showed that modification of wheat gluten with a tri-thiol additive can toughen the otherwise brittle wheat gluten material [4].
Ultrasonic method has been attracted more and more interests in food, material and chemical industry.
Materials and Methods Materials.
Journal of Food Engineering.

Nonlinear Finite Element Analysis of Concrete Continuous Beams with External CFRP Prestressed Tendons Xiao-qing Zenga, Xin-ding Wangb and Qiu-hua Tangc Transportation College, Southeast University, Jiangsu, Nanjing, 210096, China azxqgwy@163.com, bxdwang66@163.com, cqiuhua87@126.com, Key words: External Prestress, Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer Prestressed Tendon, Concrete, The Increment of Stress, Deflection.
The performance parameters of materials are showed in Table1.
A-A Section B-B Section C-C Section D-D Section Fig.1: The simple drawing of experimental beams under loading (all dimensions in mm) Comparison of the performance parameters of various materials Table1 Material name Poisson ratio Elastic modulus [MPa] Tensile strength [MPa] compressive strength [MPa] Tension [MPa] Linear expansion coefficient concrete 0.2 3.0×104 2.01 20.1 — 1.0×10-5 Φ16 0.3 1.95×105 540 — — 1.2×10-5 Φ10 0.3 1.95×105 540 — — 1.2×10-5 CFRP 0.17 1.39×105 1868 — 747 4×10-6 When the ANSYS simulates concrete compressive strength, it generally not considered crushing of material.
Carbon fiber reinforced plastic materials only need to enter the elastic modulus, considering as linear elastic material.
Journal of Civil Engineering, 1999(4): 37-44 [6] Xin-ding Wang.

Currently, the EU Commission is deciding on restrictions in the usage of energy and auxiliary materials to support the reduction of environmental impact in machine usage [4].
Following [11, 12], resources are natural resources, i.e. renewable and non renewable primary raw materials, physical space, environ-mental media, flow resource, and biodiversity.
Material is raw material, consumables and auxiliaries as well as unfinished goods.
Other challenges, which need to be solved subsequently, include the development of key performance indicators.
Proceedings of IMECE2004, ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and RD&D Expo, Anaheim CA, 13.-19.

Mikhaylin Heat-, thermo- and fire resistance polymeric materials, St.
Baikaziev, et al., Methods for the synthesis of polyethereketone, Materials Science Forum. 935 (2018) 27-30
Shakhmurzova, et al., Synthesis and research of properties of polyether ether ketone, Key Engineering Materials. 816 (2019) 55-60
Zhou, et al., Synthesis and properties of novel copolymers of poly(ether ketone ether ketone ketone) and poly(etheramideamide etherketoneketone), Polymer engineering and science. (2013) 1-7
Fatykhov, et al., Synthesis and properties of new sequentially ordered copolyarylenephthalides of periodic structure, Materials of the IX International Scientific and Practical Conference "New Polymer Composite Materials". (2013) 178-182

Reducing materials and energy consumption is one of the most effective strategies to improve sustainability.
Corrosion science and engineering, ed.
Bertolini, Durability design of reinforced concrete structures, Proc. of the Institution of Civil Engineers, Construction Materials 164, Issue CM6: 273–282, 2011
London: Institute of Materials and EFC, 2001
Concrete under severe conditions, Key Engineering materials (Switzerland: Trans Tech publications), 37-46, 2016

The strength distribution is set by a local, short-term heat treatment modifying the mechanical properties of the material.
As mentioned previously, the precipitation characteristic in the material's microstructure affects the strength level.
The key approach is to soften the blank in those areas, in which the plastification of the material takes place, i.e. the forming zone.
As mentioned previously, the precipitation characteristic in the material's microstructure affects the material's strength level.
Kerausch: Annals of the German Academic Society for Production Engineering WGP XI/2 (2004), p. 47 [7] F.