Evaluation of Preventative Methods against Rebar Corrosion in Concrete

Abstract:

Prevention of rebar corrosion is achieved in the design and construction phases, by means of suitable mix design, casting and curing, and adequate cover depth; this approach have been introduced in international standards (EN 206) and design codes (Eurocode 2). Additional protection methods (cathodic protection, stainless steel or galvanised rebars, corrosion inhibitors, concrete coatings) can be used in very aggressive environment, especially in presence of chlorides, or when increased service life is required. In this work a simplified performance-based approach, based on Monte Carlo simulation, has been used to evaluate the service life (initiation time of corrosion) in chloride containing environments. The results confirmed that cathodic prevention and stainless steels are the most effective protection methods to guarantee a safe working condition in a severe environment. The use of pozzolanic or slag cement is confirmed as an effective way to slow chloride transport and by this way to increase the service life.

• Periodical: Key Engineering Materials (Volume 919)
• Pages: 132-142
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.4028/p-9yww6l
• Online since: May 2022
• Authors: Fabio Bolzoni*, Andrea Brenna, Silvia Beretta, Marco Ormellese, Maria Vittoria Diamanti, Maria Pia Pedeferri
• Keywords: Additional Protection, Chlorides, Performance Based Approach, Rebars Corrosion, Service Life

References

[1] CEB Comité Eurointernational du Beton. Durable Concrete Structures, bulletin n. 148 (1st ed.) 1982; bulletin n. 182 (2nd ed.) (1989).

[2] L. Bertolini, B. Elsener, P. Pedeferri, E. Redaelli, R. Polder. Corrosion of steel in concrete – prevention, diagnosis, repair, 2nd ed. Weinheim: Wiley VCH, (2013).

DOI: 10.1002/9783527651696

[3] P. Pedeferri. Corrosion science and engineering, ed. L. Lazzari and M. Pedeferri. Cham, Switzerland: Springer Nature, (2018).

[4] S. Matthews, FIB Model Code 2020, life-cycle management of existing concrete structures and the potential benefits of building as little as possible, Proc. of the FIB Workshop Capacity Assessment of Corroded Reinforced Concrete Structures, 1st- 4th December 2020, 15-29.

DOI: 10.1002/suco.202201139

[5] L. Coppola et al, Binders alternative to Portland cement and waste management for sustainable construction, Part 1 and 2, J Appl. Biomater. Funct. Mater. 16 (3) 186-202; 16 (4) 207-221, (2018).

[6] L. Lazzari, P. Pedeferri, Cathodic protection, Milano: Polipress, (2006).

[7] M. Collepardi, The new concrete. Villorba (TV) Italy: Tintoretto, (2002).

[8] T. Cheldi, P. Cavassi, L. Lazzari, L. Pezzotta, Use of decision tree analysis and Montecarlo simulation for downhole material selection, Proc. Of Corrosion/97 Conference, Nace International, Houston, TX, Paper 97018, (1997).

[9] EN 206 Concrete – Specification, performance, production and conformity, European Committee for Standardisation.

[10] EN 1992-1-1 - Eurocode 2: Design of concrete structures – Part 1-1: general rules and rules for buildings. European Committee for Standardisation.

[11] K. Tuutti, Corrosion of steel in concrete. Stockolm: Swedish foundation for concrete research, (1982).

[12] FIB 2006. Model code for service life design. Bulletin n. 34, Lausanne: International Federation for Structural Concrete.

[13] F. Lollini, M. Carsana, M. Gastaldi, E. Redaelli, L. Bertolini, Durability design of reinforced concrete structures, Proc. of the Institution of Civil Engineers, Construction Materials 164, Issue CM6: 273–282, (2011).

DOI: 10.1680/coma.1000040

[14] F. Lollini, M. Carsana, M. Gastaldi, E. Redaelli, L. Bertolini, The challenge of the performance-based approach for the design of reinforced concrete structures in chloride bearing environment, Constr. and Build. Mat. 79: 245–254, (2015).

DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.12.044

[15] R.M. Ferreira, Implication on RC structure performance of model parameter sensitivity: effect of chloride, J Civ. Eng. Manag.: 561–6, (2012).

[16] L. Bertolini, M. Carsana, M. Gastaldi, F. Lollini, E. Redaelli, Corrosion of steel in concrete and its prevention in aggressive chloride-bearing environments, Proc. 5th Int. Conf. on durability of concrete structures Jun 30-Jul 1 2016 Shenzen, China.

DOI: 10.5703/1288284316106

[17] P. Pedeferri, Cathodic protection and cathodic prevention, Construction and building materials, 10: 391-402, (1996).

DOI: 10.1016/0950-0618(95)00017-8

[18] EN ISO 12696 Cathodic protection of steel in concrete. European Committee for Standardisation.

[19] L. Bertolini, F. Bolzoni, M. Gastaldi, T. Pastore, P. Pedeferri, E. Redaelli, Effects of cathodic prevention on the chloride threshold for steel corrosion in concrete. Electroch. Acta 54: 1452–1463, (2009).

DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2008.09.033

[20] F. Tittarelli, G. Moriconi, The effect of silane-based hydrophobic admixture on corrosion of reinforcing steel in concrete, Cement and Concrete Research 38: 1354–1357, (2008).

DOI: 10.1016/j.cemconres.2008.06.009

[21] A. Brenna, F. Bolzoni, S. Beretta, M. Ormellese, Long-term chloride-induced corrosion monitoring of reinforced concrete coated with commercial polymer-modified mortar and polymeric coatings, Construction and Building Materials 48: 734–744, (2013).

DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2013.07.099

[22] A. Brenna, S. Beretta, M. Berra, MV. Diamanti, M. Ormellese, MP. Pedeferri, T. Pastore, F. Bolzoni, Effect of polymer modified cementitious coatings on chloride-induced corrosion of steel in concrete. Structural Concrete. 21: 1810-1822, (2020).

DOI: 10.1002/suco.201900255

[23] B. Elsener, Corrosion inhibitors for steel in concrete - an EFC state of the art report. European Federation of Corrosion, Number 35. London: Institute of Materials and EFC, (2001).

DOI: 10.1201/9781439823910.ch14

[24] C. Andrade, C. Alonso, JA. Gonzalez, Some laboratory experiments on the inhibition effect of sodium nitrite on re-onforcements corrosion, Cement, Concrete and Aggregates, 8(2): 110, (1986).

DOI: 10.1520/cca10064j

[25] C. Monticelli, A. Frignani, G. Brunoro, G. Trabanelli, F. Zucchi, M. Tassinari, Corrosion Inhibition of Steel In Alkaline Chloride Solutions, Corrosion science; 35 (5-8): 1483-1489, (1993).

DOI: 10.1016/0010-938x(93)90375-q

[26] M. Ormellese, M. Berra, F. Bolzoni, T. Pastore, Corrosion inhibitors for chlorides induced corrosion in reinforced concrete structures, Cem Concr Res 36: 536–47, (2006).

DOI: 10.1016/j.cemconres.2005.11.007

[27] M. Ormellese, F. Bolzoni, L. Lazzari, P. Pedeferri, Effect of corrosion inhibitors on the initiation of chloride-induced corrosion on reinforced concrete structures, Mater Corros, 59 (2): 98–106, (2008).

DOI: 10.1002/maco.200804155

[28] F. Bolzoni, A. Brenna, G. Fumagalli, S. Goidanich, L. Lazzari, M. Ormellese, MP. Pedeferri, Experiences on corrosion inhibitors for reinforced concrete, Int. J. Corros. Scale Inhib., 3 (4): 254–278, (2014).

DOI: 10.17675/2305-6894-2014-3-4-254-278

[29] L. Bertolini, P. Pedeferri, Laboratory and field experience on the use of stainless steel to improve durability of reinforced concrete, Corrosion Reviews, 20 (1-2): 129-152, (2002).

DOI: 10.1515/corrrev.2002.20.1-2.129

[30] F. Lollini, M. Carsana, M. Gastaldi, E. Redaelli, Corrosion behaviour of stainless steel reinforcement in concrete. Corrosion Reviews, 37: 3-19, (2019).

DOI: 10.1515/corrrev-2017-0088

[31] R. Fratesi, G. Moriconi, L. Coppola, The influence of steel galvanization on rebar behaviour in concrete, in Cor-rosion of Reinforcement Construction, (Cambridge: The Royal Society of Chemistry) 630–641, (1996).

[32] EN 197 Composition, specifications and conformity criteria for common cements. European Committee for Standardisation.

[33] F. Bolzoni, S. Beretta, A. Brenna, MV. Diamanti, L. Lazzari, M. Ormellese, MP. Pedeferri. Evaluation of additional protection methods to control reinforcement corrosion, Proc. of Int. Conf. Concrete under severe conditions, Key Engineering materials (Switzerland: Trans Tech publications), 37-46, (2016).

DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.711.37

[34] R. Polder, Y. Pan, W. Courage, W. Peelen, Preliminary study of life cycle cost of preventive measures and repair options for corrosion in concrete infrastructure, Heron 61 (1), 1-13, (2016).