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X-ray diffraction(XRD) patterns of β-glucans The structure of substance will determine XRD patterns.
Cereal chemistry, 1993, 70(4): 435-440
Chemistry and organization of aleurone cell wall components from wheat and barley[J].
Cryogelation of cereal β-glucans: structure and molecular size effects[J].
Effects of barley and oat β-glucan structures on their rheological and thermal characteristics[J].

Crystal structure could be destroyed under high calcination temperature if improperly.
Liu xingyu et al [5] studied the calcination of HL zeolite structure.
The as-synthesized TS-1 zeolite had the three forms the same as the above; after calcination the other two structures transformed into Ti(OSi)4 structure, so the 960 cm-1 peak became stronger.
Pang: Molecular Sieve and Porous Materials Chemistry (in Chinese), (Science Press, Beijing 2004) [5] X.Y.
Han: Chemistry Letters Vol. 13 (2000), p. 1084 [16] J.S.

Study on Processing of Plantation Fir Scrap Liquefaction by Ionic Liquids Hong Lu Xiea, Yan Ling Wub, Jian Hua Huangc, Lin Lu Zhengd Department of Chemistry, Ningde Normal University, Ningde, Fujian 352100, P.R.
Ionic liquids have many characteristics in wood liquefaction[7-9], such as high liquefaction efficiency, structure designability, reusable features, etc.
One of the main chemical composition of plantation fir scrap is cellulose, which owns both intramolecular and intermolecular hydrogen bonds in the structure, morphological and aggregate structure are complicated, and display high crystallization so that it is difficult for active groups to release, the macromolecular structure of hemicellulose and xylogen are also rather complicated, absorbing sufficient energy is needed to destroy these macromolecular structure.
The process was observed by Polarizing Microscope which showed a certain amount of crystalline region still existed in molecule structure of wood-flour, and certain aggregate structure remained.
Electroanalytical Chemistry, 2006, 586: 56-61

There are chemical activation and physical activation to develop better pores structure.
For both materials, the degree of porous structure was highest with KOH activation followed by ZnCl2 and H3PO4.
This result could be explained with porosity structure and surface functional group as claimed by [11].
American Journal of Physical Chemistry.
Role of carbon surface chemistry and pore structure on the adsorption of DOM.

It seems that microorganisms solely cannot provide the template for extraceullar preparation of biomorphic material due to their micron-scale sizes and structure, not like DNA or virus which well suitable to assemble ordered nanostructures because of their nano-scale sizes and well-organized structures[9, 10].
The XRD structure characterization were carried by a Xpert Pro X-ray diffractometer (Philips Ltd) with monochromatized CuKa radiation (λ= 1.5418 Å).
Control experiments have shown that in the absence of bacteria, only condensed Co particles were obtained without bulk structures.
Epidermidis strain present fractal structures which seemed that unusual in gram-positive bacteria.
Tao: Chemistry Letters, vol. 36(2007), p. 1222 [9] J.

Introduction Tubular structure is the basic element which is widely used in engineering.
The shedding pattern is controlled by computer program according to the fabric structure to be weaved, several layers of fabric are weaved at the same time and they are bound together by the binding yarns to achieve a 3D tubular structure. 3D circular loom is the equipment to produce 3D tubular fabric.
Binding yarns distributed helically in the fabric structure, just like weft yarns.
Jónsson, in: Theoretical Methods in Condencsed Phase Chemistry, edited by S.D.
Schwartz, volume 5 of Progress in Theoretical Chemistry and Physics, chapter, 10, Kluwer Academic Publishers (2000)

Preparation of bamboo charcoal/polyvinyl formal foam as biological support material Guode Li*， Na Li， Shiwei Wu Experimental Center, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang 110034, China *liguode@synu.edu.cn Keywords: Filler, foam, adsorption, sewage disposal system, environmental chemistry and biology.
Its special structure enables its good properties in adsorption, and in electricity[11] and magnetism[12,13,14,15,16].
The product of the black, elastic, sponge water-absorbing powder was obtained with reticular macropore structure and microporous framework.

The Structure and Electrochemical Properties of BDD Deposited on Ti Substrate by MWCVD Feng Liu 1,a, Wenjun Wang 2,b, Juntao Wang 1,c, Liwei Xiong 2,d, Yonglei Xin 1,e, Xiangbo Li 1, f 1 Science and Technology on Marine Corrosion and Protection Laboratory, Luoyang Ship Material Research Institute，Qingdao 266101, P.R.China 2 Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma Chemistry & Advanced Materials, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430073, P.R.China aliuf@sunrui.net, balicejoe@163.com, cwangjt@sunrui.net, dzhily2000@126.com ,exinyl@sunrui.net,flixb@sunrui.net Keywords: MWCVD; BDD Electrode; Electrochemical Oxidation Abstract.
This work aims to investigate the structure and electrochemical properties of BDD film deposited on the Ti substrate.
The phase and crystal structure of the as-deposited BDD films were identified by using X-ray diffractometry (XRD)、scanning electronic microscope(SEM) and Raman.
The structure of the BDD film was determined by Raman and XRD measurements.

Fluorimetric Method to Determine Trace Anionic Surfactants Using a Novel Triazene Reagent Yong-lan Feng1,2,a, Wen-qing Tang1,2,b, Rong-ying Zeng1,2,c 1Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hengyang Normal University, Hengyang 421008 PR China 2Key laboratory of functional organometallic materials of Hengyang Normal University, Hengyang 421008 PR China aemail: hyfyl@yahoo.com.cn, bemail: wqtang518@163.com, cemail: zengrongying2003@yahoo.com.cn Key words: Anionic surfactants；1-(5-naphthol-7-sulfonic acid)-3-(4-pheny-lazophenyl)-triazene；Fluorescence quenching Abstract.
This empirical study provides a theoretical basis that might allow for better NASAPAPT receptor design and an impetus for our own formative structural studies into anion-driven supramolecular chemistry.
Fig. 1 Fluorescence spectrum change of NASAPAPT Fig. 3 Effect of standing time on the fluorescence intensity upon addition of various concentrations of SDS of NASAPAPT in the presence of SDS Concentration of SDS (from top to bottom): 2.77×10-8 mol L-1,6.94×10-8 mol L-1,17.34×10-8 mol L-1, 24.27×10-8 mol L-1,34.68×10-8 mol L-1,55.48×10-8 mol L-1. 3.1.1 Molecular geometry of NASAPAPT and SDS-NASAPAPT complexes Because mono- and di-substituted triazenes can exist in two tautomeric forms , two optimized structures for the ground state of NASAPAPT were found to be practically planar, indicating that NASAPAPT fluoresces well.
Chinese Journal of Analytical Chemistry 30 (2002) 189-191
Duang, Fundament of structural chemistry (3ed), Peking University Press, Beijing: 2003, p225.

Influence of Extracts from Bark of Deciduous Trees on the Activity of the Amylolytic Enzyme - Alpha Amylase Sarmite Janceva1a, Anna Andersone1,b, Liga Lauberte1,c, Natalija Zaharova1,d, Galina Telysheva1,e, Jelena Krasilnikova2,f, Inara Nokalne2,g, Julija Janceva2,h 1Latvian State Institute of Wood Chemistry, Riga, Latvia 2Riga Stradins University, Human Physiology and Biochemistry Department, Latvia ajancevasarmite@gmail.com, banna.darbs@gmail.com, cliga.lauberte@kki.lv, dligno@edi.lv etelysheva@gmail.com, fJelena.Krasilnikova@rsu.lv, ginara.nokalna@rsu.lv, hjanceva.julija@gmail.com Keywords: proanthocyanidins, salicins, biological active compounds, extracts, green extraction, grey alder (Alnus incana), black alder (Alnus glutinosa), aspen (Populus tremula), antioxidant activity, α-amylase.
Research on the bark of deciduous and coniferous trees has been carried out for many years at the Latvian Institute of Wood Chemistry within the framework of the National Research Program and European projects, in which the extraction methods, the chemical composition of the obtained extracts, as well as their properties, including biological activity (antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, etc.) were studied.
The review of the literature data and our investigations shows that the oligomeric PACs are highly active compounds with a wide spectrum of biological activity, which is conditioned by their polyphenolic structure [9].
Acknowledgment This research was funded by a Bio-economic grant “LignoBark” from the Latvian State Institute of Wood Chemistry and ERAF project nr. 1.1.1.1/18/A/182.
Inhibition of α-amylase activity by condensed tannins, Food chemistry, 125 (2), 2011, pp. 665-672.