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In the XRD pattern, Compared with the standard diffraction peaks from JCPDS card no. 80-1917, the peaks located at 2θ values of 30°- 80° can be indexed to the characteristic diffractions of monoclinic phase CuO (a = 4.689Å, c = 5.132Å).
The coordination number of Cu2+ generally keeps six in the hydrolysis reaction.
They speculated that the nanoflower was a representative morphology of spherulite formed by radiating growth from a center or a number of centers and the [Cu(OH)4]2- complexes played a key role in the growth of nanoflowers.

It was mentioned that relative to gold nanoparticle XCAs, Bi nanoparticles are less oxidatively stable and higher in atomic number, which may decrease bioaccumulation while providing increased X-ray contrast.
The XRD peak positions of the sample is well coincided with those of reference Bi powder and with the JCPDS card no. 01-085-1330 for Bi (Space group: (166)R-3m).
The diffraction peak positions referring to JCPDS card no. 01-085-1330 for Bi having hexagonal structure are also indicated with straight lines below the spectrum of the sample.

All sample patterns have single phase confirmed to JCPDS 89-0666 [31].
When Sr2+ is substituted in place of Ca2+, result in release of more number of electrons.
The release of more number of electrons due to the replacement of Ca2+ ions by Sr2+ ions contributes to conductivity; therefore, the resistivity decreases.
[31] JCPDS, “JCPDS card No. 89-0666

For both X-ray incidence angles, the diffraction patterns obtained for the as-grown film are characteristic of the monoclinic phase, with the peaks at 28.9°, 33.6°, 35° and 41.7°, assigned to the reflections of the (112), (202), (122) and (222) lattice planes of monoclinic WO3, respectively (JCPDS Card No. 83-0950).
The diffraction patterns of the 5 keV bombarded samples are in good agreement with the XRD peaks of the tetragonal WO3 phase (JCPDS Card No. 89-1287).
Acknowledgement The research leading to these results has received funding from the core fundings NPOO.C3.2.R2-I1.06.0083 supported by the European Union NextGenerationEU and project numbers 23-190 and 23-4 supported by the University of Rijeka References [1] R.

The bactericidal mechanism of polymer-metal nanocomposites is attributed to the high surface to volume ratio of antibacterial fillers which increases the number of ions released from the nanoparticles into the polymer [3].
The dispersion of copper nanoparticles in ABS will lead to a nanocomposite material possessing antibacterial characteristics due to the high surface to volume ratio of the copper metal which will increase the number of copper ions released from the nanoparticles thus inhibiting bacterial growth.
Respectively, the scattering reflects the (111) and (200) lattice plane of the Cu NPs matched with JCPDS Card No 04-0836.

Phase characterizations were examined using X-ray diffraction technique (Philips) with PW 2273 tube and CuKα radiation (λ=1.54178Å ) with scan rate 1◦/s in the range of 00≤2θ≤600.The results were adapted to JCPDS standards (Card No. 00-015-0876).
Usually, during a large number of thermal experiments, especially synthesis processes, products are formed through thermal decomposition of starting materials, changing to intermediate components.
The FA and β-TCP peaks are distinguishable according to JCPDS card #00-015-0876 and #86-1585, respectively.

XRD peaks (101), (004), (200) and (105) planes of the anatase polymorph of titania and the (110) and (313) planes of rutile, respectively (indexed using JCPDS cards number 21-1272 and 21-1276) also confirmed the presence of titania in the coating.

The XRD peaks around the 2θ angle of 27.3°, 45.4° and 53.7° are Bragg reflections from the (111), (220) and (311) planes arising from cubic (zinc-blende) GaAs (JCPDS card number 32-0389), indicating that the crystalline and randomly oriented GaAs nanocrystals were formed on PMMA surface as a result of sequential laser ablation.

Indeed, the XRD pattern contains seven sharp lines coincide with the standard data of the cubic spinel Mn-Ferrite (Jacobsite) phase (JCPDS card No. 74-2403).
The broad absorption peak at near 3200 cm-1 can be ascribed to hydroxyls, shows that the surface of Mn-ferrite particles had large numbers of hydroxyl groups [9].

TEM samples were prepared by placing a number of drops of diluted solution onto copper grids, which covered by carbon film, and the solvent was evaporated at room temperature. 2.3.3 XRD analysis The crystallinity and phase composition of the silver nanoparticles were characterized by using an X`Pert PRO X-ray diffractometer with CuKα radiation of wavelength of λ=1.5406Å in the 2θ range of 10 ° to 90 ° with a scanning rate of 0.05 °/s at room temperature.
The peaks are consistent with the data on standard card (JCPDS 04-0783) corresponding face centered cubic crystal system (FCC) elemental silver (111), (200), (220), (311), (222) crystal plane diffraction.There are no other peaks in Figure1, which indicated that the sample is high purity elemental silver .Combined with the Scherrer formula, crystallite size of each crystal face can be calculated.