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Ajayi1,a, Mercy Ogbonnaya2,3,b*, Oge Ogo-Ozegbe1,c and Abimbola P.I Popoola2,c 1Department of Mechanical Engineering, Covenant University, Ota, Ogun state, Nigeria. 2Department of Chemical, Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa. 3Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Lagos, Akoka, Lagos, Nigeria.
The refractive index is used to analyze the path of a light ray across a material medium.
Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part A: J Power Eng. 235 (2021) 106–123
Ezeani, Agro-waste materials: Sustainable substrates in nanotechnology, Kamel A.
Lin, Trends in food waste valorization for the production of chemicals, materials, and fuels: Case study South and Southeast Asia.

. [35] ü ü ü ü ü ü ü ü ü ü Remove materials and equipment with known low quality
Ali, "Impact of the Feasibility Study on the Construction Projects," in 2nd International Conference on Sustainable Engineering Techniques (ICSET 2019), IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 2019
[38] ICE, Creating Value in Engineering: Design and Practice Guide, London: The Institute of Civil Engineers,Thomas Telford, 1996
Using BIM as a lean management tool in constructioAin Shams Engineering Journal, vol. 12, no. 2, 2022
Design for conArchitectural Engineering and Design Management, vol. 18, no. 3, pp. 279-298, 2020

Riedel1,c 1 Fraunhofer Institute for Mechanics of Materials Woehlerstr. 11 79108 Freiburg, Germany a andreas.wonisch@iwm.fraunhofer.de, btorsten.kraft@iwm.fraunhofer.de, chermann.riedel@iwm.fraunhofer.de Keywords: Sintering, Simulation, Modeling, Rearrangement, Anisotropy, Discrete Element Method, Finite Element Method Abstract.
For typical material parameters of ceramic and metallic powders the propagation scheme (see Eq
The densification rateρ� is a key quantity characterizing the sintering process.
Kraft: Continuum Scale Simulation of Engineering Materials: Fundamentals - Microstructures - Process Applications (Wiley-VCH, Berlin, Germany 2004) [3] J.
German: Critical Overview of Sintering Computer Simulations (Advances in Powder Metallurgy & Particulate Materials, Part 9 - Modeling, p. 1, MPIF, Princeton 2002) [6] O.

Optimizing Photovoltaic Systems: A Decision Matrix Approach for Selecting the Optimal Maximum Power Point Tracking Technique Gosego Kamela1,a*, Oduetse Matsebe2,b and Zeundjua Tjiparuro3,c 1,2,3Department of Mechanical, Energy and Industrial Engineering, Botswana International University of Science and Technology, Palapye, Botswana akg14000328@studentmail.biust.ac.bw, bmatsebeo@biust.ac.bw, ctjiparuroz@biust.ac.bw Keywords: Maximum power point tracking algorithm; Photovoltaic module; Photovoltaic applications; Selection criteria; Requirement analysis.
Nonetheless, studies like [7, 13] emphasize the need for evaluating algorithm performance based on fair and common criteria. 2.1 Identified gap in literature In recent publications, significant progress has been made in understanding MPPT strategies and their key factors.
Materials and Methods 3.1 Requirement analysis A stand-alone photovoltaic system is a solar energy system that operates independently of the electrical grid, and is commonly used in remote areas where grid connection is not feasible or in developing countries where grid infrastructure is not available [24].
Capilla, “Materials for photovoltaics: State of art and recent developments,” Int.
Newton, “6 Key Decision Making Techniques,” 2012, [Online].

Journal of Aerospace Engineering, 18(1):28-41, 2005
Applied Thermal Engineering, 31(6-7):1293-1304, 2011
International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, 80(9):1241-1258, 2009
ASME 2012, 11th Biennial Conference On Engineering Systems Design and Analysis, 2012
International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, 94(13):1165-1190, 2013.

Hybrid nanofluid is a combination of a base fluid (i.e. water, ethylene glycol, mixture of ethylene glycol and water) with two different types of nanoparticles (i.e metal oxides, metals, carbon materials).
Ganji, Chapter 3–Nanofluid Flow and Heat Transfer in an Enclosure, Hydrothermal Analysis in Engineering Using Control Volume Finite Element Method, 2014, pp. 31-76
De Leon, Applications of nanofluids: current and future, Advances in Mechanical Engineering, 2010 (2010) 1-11
Choi, Enhancing thermal conductivity of fluids with nanoparticles, ASME Fluids Engineering Division. 213 (1995) 99-105
Turkyilmazoglu, Exact analytical solutions for heat and mass transfer of MHD slip flow in nanofluids, Chemical Engineering Science. 84 (2012) 182-187

The Lambert-Beer law of absorption states that each layer of material of equal thickness will absorb an equal fraction of the radiation, in which traverses it (1) Where I is the intensity of the beam after it has traversed a layer of material of thickness x; I0 is the intensity of the unattenuated X-ray beam; and μ is the linear averaged attenuation coefficient of the element (i,j).
The main specifications of the CT scanner used in this study (SOMATOM-plus of the State Key Laboratory of Frozen Soil Engineering, CAREERI, CAS, made in Siemens Co., Germany) are described in details.
Results and discussion An X-ray CT image is composed of a CT value proportional to the material density.
The white color indicates high-density material and the black indicates low-density material, which serves as the basic principle to analyze the rock meso-damage by CT images.
Engineering Geology. 56,(2000) 11-17

C5 – operational costs: maintenance, spare parts, material regeneration, energy and other operating costs; C6 – ease of adaptation and modernization: the ability to easily adapt to changing requirements or the ability to upgrade to increase efficiency.
Key Engineering Materialsthis link is disabled 925 (2022) 169–178
Materials Science Forum 1038 (2021) 407–416
Scientific Review Engineering and Environmental Sciences (SREES) 29(1) (2020) 108–119
Journal of Hazardous Materials. 165 1–3 (2009) 766–773

A structural steel S355J2G3 is chosen from the tool’s database for base and filler material.
The procedure involves making five surfacing beads on a base sheet material.
THANKS Purchasing the CAD/CAE software product SysWeld and the research are financed by the National Fund "Scientific Research", Bulgaria - Contract № DUNK-01/3 "Creating an University Research Complex (URC) for innovation and knowledge exchange in the area of micro/nano technologies and materials, energy efficiency and virtual engineering" at the Technical University – Sofia, Bulgaria.
The research is related to the project No BG051PO001-3.3.06-0046 “Development support of PhD students, postdoctoral researchers and young scientists in the field of virtual engineering and industrial technologies”.
,Manifacturing processes for engineering materials, 2009

Numerical Study of Batoid with Asymmetrically Undulating Pectoral Fins Zhijun Wu1, a, Weishan Chen1, b, Junkao Liu1, c, Shengjun Shi1, d 1 School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China awuzjhit@163.com, bcws@hit.edu.cn, cjkliu@hit.edu.cn, dsirssj@hit.edu.cn Keywords: bionic batoid, pectoral fins, asymmetric motion Abstract.
Introduction Fish exhibit a higher level of agility that preponderates over the level that human-engineered underwater vehicles have been able to achieve [1].
Material and Methods Geometrical Model.
Acknowledgment This work was supported by self-planned task (NO.SKLRS200801C) of State Key Laboratory of Robotics and Systems (HIT) and National Natural Science Foundation of China (NO.50905040).