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The results, in accordance with experimental observations, favor ductile fatigue behavior, i.e. damage fields remain small for most of the fatigue life and do not cause the macroscopic stress reduction.
Since damage does not affect macroscopic stress reduction, fatigue life of an entire structural element can be evaluated by benefiting solely single locations at which the fatigue damage decisively emerges.
Evaluation of the Approach The approach was calibrated to experimental data.
The approach results in some certainty, and the difference between data and predictions stems from the calibration being applied solely to low stress ratio loadings as well as to a slightly different PC applied in the experiments.
Black dotted curve, and black dashed and solid curves (overlapping) represent the model results, respectively, while the green, red, and blue curves represent the corresponding data extracted from [2].

Ground has been proven that it is able to supply cooling and heating resulting in significant reduction of electricity consumption.
The results showed that significant reduction of temperature occur at depth below than 2.0 m in which cooling can be supplied constantly throughout the year.
From the data, three important parameters have been determined; i) Mean temperature of the soil surface (Tm), ii) Amplitude of surface temperature variation (As) and iii) Phase constant (to).
Therefore, thermal diffusivity at 0.06 m2/day and below looks more significant and rational in the application of GHE due to reduction of the amplitude about half from the range of analysis which based on Figure 4.

The paper deals with the problematic phases of tests that are necessary to create a material model, but which may not always provide relevant data.
Depending on the choice of tests arrangement, the results data of the measured parameters show considerable differences that must be harmonized for the material model.
The dependence of tensile stress st in cross-section edge on tensile strain et is relevant data before macrocracking.
The material model can be refined using additional data: § Poisson’s ratio n § modulus of rigidity Gf § shear strength t and its dependence on stain e - Fig. 8 § reduction of shear strength due to cracking § shape of yield surface Fig. 7 Determining of residual part of stress-strain diagram using fracture energy Fig. 8 Dependence of shear strength of material on strain The experimental way for determining these parameters is already quite difficult and so their setting remain in many cases on the recommendation of the author of specific computational program.
[10] Buljak V., Oesch T., Bruno G., Simulating Fiber-reinforced concrete mechanical performance using CT-based fiber orientation data, in: Materials (Basel) 2019;12(5), 2019.

The system can be obtained rapidly of the test results for the development of advanced auto transmission system provides reliable test data, to find and solve the weak link of design immediately.
According to the test data and results of the physical prototype to analyze its strengths deformation, however, can’t be improved and optimized in the design phase with an uncertain improving goal and a long and costly test cycle.
The combination use of dynamic software ADAMS and finite element software ANSYS to study a typical transmission second gear meshing condition enabled the analysis of the impact performance of transmission gears, which can effectively reduce the design time, reduce costs and get results quickly, complete experimental data required and greatly improve efficiency.
Results are passed to the ANSYS in the data form of *. lod, providing the required load spectrum data to finite element analysis.
Automobile Transmission main reduction gear finite element stress analysis, Computer Technology Apply, 1999,3.

This was achieved by transforming the data into the frequency-wavenumber domain using a 2-D Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) and applying a 2-D window to remove data that was not in the region of the mode of interest [8].
The data for both lengths of retro-reflective tape clearly shows significant attenuation of both the S0 and A0 modes.
The cyanoacrylate data is less useful, as despite the line-scan having indicated a small (2 dB) decrease in attenuation, there is little visible difference in the grid scan when compared to the control data with no adhesive.
Successive Hilbert transforms were performed along each column of the grid scan data and the magnitude squared.
The low frequency data shown in Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 suggests that the presence of adhesive causes a reduction in attenuation at 300 kHz and 600 kHz - with the biggest reduction caused by the thick cyanoacrylate and the 50 mm retro-reflective tape strip.

The symbols  [34] are experimental data.
Experimental data are also included in these figures for comparison.
The symbols  [58] are experimental data.
These findings are consistent with experimental data.
The developed model is also in good agreement with experimental data.

This paper details the test data obtained from three different compositions of Ti6Al4V-ELI at 20 K, which enables the usage of this material for temperatures lower than 77 K (-196 °C) upto 20 K.
The tensile property data in table 3 shows that there is a close relation between interstitial content and the ductility of the alloys, which is most important at cryogenic temperatures for any structural use.
In a tensile test, ductility is measured as % elongation or % reduction in area Because the elongation is not uniform over the entire gage length and is greatest at the center of the neck, the percent elongation is not an absolute measure of ductility.
The reduction in area, being measured at the minimum diameter of the neck, is a better indicator of ductility.
Fig.4 Microstructure of Alloy 1, at 200X In the present study, the Alloy1 with lowest interstitial content has given the highest tensile ductility in the form of reduction in area.

The results of the experiment in each case were compared with baseline data of mineral diesel.
Implementation of Biodiesel in India will lead to many advantages like green cover to waste land, support to agriculture and rural economy and reduction in dependence on imported crude oil and reduction in air pollution [3].
The performance data was then analyzed from the graphs regarding thermal efficiency, brake specific fuel consumption of all fuels.
One possible explanation for this reduction could be due to higher percentage of increase in brake power with load as compared to fuel consumption.

In this paper, we discuss about the influence of impurities on the grain growth during HPT and on the grain size reduction mechanism during SPD.
Data processing was performed using the GPM 3D Data software ®.
These data are consistent with previously published works showing that under HPT conditions nanocrystalline nickel undergoes grain coarsening [10, 11].
It is thus believed that the deformation mode is probably playing the major role in the grain size reduction mechanism, and that impurities detected in the (F&R) material are probably not the reason why a 10nm grain size was achieved using this SPD technique.

Combining with time domain and vibration acceleration with the composite loss factors from finite element analysis, vibration reduction effect was remarkable with the fraction of coverage from 40% to 80%.
Experimental Materials and Equipment. 42.5 ordinary Portland cement, standard sand, distilled water, Viscoelastic Damping Material Series Qtech[10] (Qtech501, Qingdao Shamu Advanced Material Co., Ltd.), Vibration Data Collector(INV3018,china orient institute of noise&vibration), Vibration Signal Processing software(v10, china orient institute of noise&vibration), PHX-20 spray machine with AP-2 spray gun (PMC instrument).
Damping capacity was tested by INV3018 vibration data collector with V10 vibration signal processing software (china orient institute of noise&vibration)by single point hammer test with two sides simply supported constraints , excited force was 200 N, sampling frequency was 2560Hz,the composite loss factors and vibration acceleration level were calculated by linear mean method, overlap coefficient was 15/16.
The vibration acceleration spectrum of structure under unit excitation force was got by analysis of testing data and transfer function (Fig. 3).
Conclusion In this study, the following two conclusions can be drawn combining with time domain and vibration acceleration with the composite loss factors from finite element analysis: (1) Vibration reduction effect was remarkable with the fraction of coverage from 40% to 80% and the combined result showed that partial constrained layer damping structure with 80% damping layer coverage had better damping capacity