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Since CaCO3 was known to have no virucidal activities, the moderate reduction in EID50 was attributed to MgO.
After fired at 1073 K for 5 h, dolomite completely decomposed into CaO and MgO, which resulted in a 10 -4 reduction in EID50 from the reference.
Since the specific surface areas measured by BET method and the average crystallite sizes measured by XRD method nearly satisfied Eq.(3) for all specimens used to obtain data in Fig.4, it was suggested that the shape of processed dolomite was equiaxed particles with smooth surface.
The significant reduction in the antiviral activity was attributed to the reduction of the surface area.
Treatment of avian influenza with CaO and MgO resulted in a 10 -4 reduction in EID50.

Being hammering a kind of very heterogeneous deformation process there not exist texture experimental data on the literature.
We can not even suggest that the deformation suffered by the ancient bronze is approximately 50% reduction.
Besides the difference in pattern, hammering reduction confers to the piece a texture not as strong and defined as the same deformation in rolling can imprint.
Such a low amount of reduction is not compatible with the expected process of having started with a thick piece of cast metal and reached 0.3 thickness.
Also the intervention of periodical heating treatments between each hammering can weakens the texture even at high reduction strains.

Compressive strengths.The data regarding the variation of compressive strength with respect to concrete age and curing condition for different types of concrete in the two mediums are shown in the Fig.1.
This reduction in the water absorption with age indicates better performance of concrete with GGBS over reference concrete.
The incorporation of 17.5% GGBS is very advantageous; it allows a reduction in water absorption rate from 78% to 77% at the age of one year.
While our test revealed a reduction of 88%.This indicated that the concretes with GGBS had remarkably lower permeability than the control concretes.
Finally, it was noted that the pozzolanic action effectively contributes to the reduction of chloride ion penetration and water absorption rate and increase the durability of concrete.

Evaluation of CD Fluctuation on QC Monitor Chuan-Yu Yen1, Mu-Chien Luo1, Kuo-Bin Huang1 and Ting-Chun Wang1 1 Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan Keywords: CDSEM, Caro’s Strip, Polymer Residue, Dry Etch Introduction The continually increasing complexity of IC integration drives the reduction of device dimensions.
However the basic QC monitor results showed the CD data was more unstable on the patterned monitor wafer requiring additional tool tuning that was not required on the device wafer.
Additionally, Figure 4 indicates the marathon test result (>25 times) was more stable than the previous monitor data (variation > 3nm).

This was achieved by transforming the data into the frequency-wavenumber domain using a 2-D Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) and applying a 2-D window to remove data that was not in the region of the mode of interest [8].
The data for both lengths of retro-reflective tape clearly shows significant attenuation of both the S0 and A0 modes.
The cyanoacrylate data is less useful, as despite the line-scan having indicated a small (2 dB) decrease in attenuation, there is little visible difference in the grid scan when compared to the control data with no adhesive.
Successive Hilbert transforms were performed along each column of the grid scan data and the magnitude squared.
The low frequency data shown in Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 suggests that the presence of adhesive causes a reduction in attenuation at 300 kHz and 600 kHz - with the biggest reduction caused by the thick cyanoacrylate and the 50 mm retro-reflective tape strip.

This value is smaller than the previously reported data; ΔL/L =2.2% (2.5×1022cm-2, En>0.1MeV, 650-700K).
This means that another rate limiting process is necessary to understand the PIE data.
The dissolution rates were calculated to be 1.714×10-8g cm-2 h-1 by these impurity data.
Figure 4 shows the comparison of the PIE data of H/Hf ratio with that calculated by the dissolution rate (□).
The calculation results are in good agreement with PIE data.

It is proved that the effect of ultrasound contributes to the reduction of the latent period of the nucleation of intermetallic phases at the interlayer boundary, lowers the temperature of the beginning of the eutectic transformation (by about 10 ° C), but at the same time does not affect the phase composition of the diffusion zone as a result of homogeneous reactions at the boundary of contact of solids.
Results and Discussion An analysis of the obtained experimental data showed that the growth of the DZ at the interlayer boundary begins with the formation of nuclei of the intermetallic phase, which, with increasing temperature and heating time, increase in size and grow together into a continuous layer.
When analyzing the experimental data obtained using an optical microscope, it was found that the DZ formed after HT consists of three visually distinguishable interlayers (Fig. 3).
However, the data of electron microscopic studies, together with the results of energy dispersive analysis, showed the presence of four interlayers corresponding in stoichiometric composition to the intermetallic compounds CuAl2, CuAl, Cu3Al2 and Cu9Al4 (from the aluminum layer to the copper one) (Fig. 4).
DZ diffraction pattern from the aluminum side (a, b) and from the copper side (c, d) after HT 530 ° C, 90 min with ultrasound exposure (a, c) and without (b, d) Conclusions Analysis of experimental data on the study of the main regularities of the formation and growth of the diffusion zone at the interlayer boundaries of the explosion-welded bimetal of the Cu-Al system made it possible to conclude that the effect of ultrasound contributes to the reduction of the latent period of the nucleation of intermetallic phases at the interlayer boundary, reduces the temperature of the beginning of the eutectic transformation by about 10 ° C and does not affect the phase composition of the diffusion zone formed as a result of homogeneous (at the solid-solid contact interface) reactions.

The WPO10+4H2 blend at 25 °CA bTDC demonstrates an 8.7% BTE increase, a 10.5% BSFC reduction at full load, and substantial decreases in HC and CO emissions compared to diesel.
Data is logged for 15 minutes using 'Engine soft' software, with results averaged for accuracy.
The introduction of hydrogen in WPO blends results in a noteworthy reduction in BSFC, particularly with WPO10+4H₂ at 25°CA bTDC, showing 10.5% and 8.1% lower BSFC, respectively, at full load.
While hydrogen itself may elevate UHC emissions, its overall reduction is notable due to its higher concentration and efficient fuel utilization [15].
Wang, “An overview: Energy saving and pollution reduction by using green fuel blends in diesel engines,” Applied Energy, vol. 159, pp. 214–236, 2015, doi: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2015.08.084

The incorporation of fibers did not cause any change in the amount of water added to the mortar, however there was a slight reduction in the diameter obtained for the mortars doped with microcapsules A and B.
The introduction of these materials had as main objective the reduction and control of shrinkage.
The transducers are connected to a data acquisition system, where the values of shrinkage of mortars in time were registered.
The addition of 40% gypsum allows a reduction in the shrinkage of about 60%.
Moreover, the reduction of shrinkage observed with the addition of gypsum, is connected to the expansion which occurs with its hydration.

By thermodynamic data, solid solubility formula of various microalloying carbonitrides in austenite and ferrite can be deduced, thereby, A and B are determined.
The addition amount of microalloying elements also influences strengthening effect, fig.3 demonstrates the continuous annealing limit diagram of Nb-microalloyed steel , shows that the complete recrystallization temperature of Nb- microalloyed steel is determined by niobium contents and cold rolling reduction.
Recrystallization temperature increases with the increase of niobium contents, and decreases with the increase of cold rolling reduction.
Annealing temperature should be based on recrystallization kinetic, which is mainly influenced by coiling temperature after hot rolling and cold rolling reduction etc.
Therefore it is necessary to investigate the influences of coiling temperature and cold rolling reduction on recrystallization kinetics to determine suitable annealing temperature.