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Kazemi et al.[25] investigated the effect of silica and graphene nanoparticles and their hybrid on water viscosity.
Reference Nanoadditives Temperature Range Basefluid Behavior Kulkarni[27] CuO 278–323 K Water Non-Newtonian Aladag et al.[28] Al2O3 and CNT 275.15 – 283.15 K Water Newtonian and Non-Newtonian Halelfadl et al.[29] carbon nanotube 273.15 – 313.15 K Water Newtonian and Non-Newtonian Numburu et al.[30] CuO 238.15- 323.15 K Ethylene glycol–Water Newtonian Banisharif et al.[31] Fe3O4 263.15 – 293.15 K Ethylene glycol–Water Newtonian and Non-Newtonian Atashrouz et al. [32] Fe3O4 288.15 - 343.15 K Ethylene glycol–Water Non-Newtonian Naik et al.[33] CuO 258.15 –303.15 K Propylene glycol–Water Non-Newtonian Yapici et al. [26] TiO2 263.15 - 313.15K Propylene glycol Non-Newtonian The lack of measurements of thermophysical properties of hybrid nanofluids at low temperatures (below 293 K) is the main motivation for this research.
A similar trend was reported by Kulkarni et al. [51] using CuO nanoparticle-based nanofluids in 40:60 water / ethylene glycol mixture.
El Jouad, Electrochemical synthesis of polyaniline-exfoliated graphene composite films and their capacitance properties, J.
Choi, Effect of the Freeze-Thaw on the Suspension Stability and Thermal Conductivity of EG/Water-Based Al 2 O 3 Nanofluids, J.

Non-Darcy correction The dependence of fcx = fxx on Rek is compared to results reported in Fourar et al. (2004) and is represented in Fig. 3.
Method (# of grid blocks( 4-10×2.3111 FEMLAB (Fourar et al. 2004[5]( (unknown) 4-10×2.2952 BEM (14700 elements) 4-10×2.2130 FV (500×500) 4-10×2.2505 FV (1000×1000) 4-10×2.2663 FV (1500×1500) Figure 3 - Evolution of fcx versus Rek for the unit cell of the model configuration in Fig. 2.
Comparison with results in (Fourar et al., 2004).
El-Sayed, K.

In order to achieve the required microstructure and high level of both strength and toughness, Hsu proposed a novel Q–P–T heat treatment process, which is a modified Q&P process proposed by Speer et al. in 2003 [4]: austenitisation at a temperature slightly above Ac3 for obtaining fine grain austenite followed by quenching, partitioning and tempering.
Therefore, the differences between Q–P–T and Q&P processes can be summarized as two aspects: 1) carbide former elements are added in Q–P–T steels, but not permitted in Q&P steels based on constrained carbon paraequilibrium (CCE) theory proposed by Speer et al[4,5]; 2) the tempering temperature and time favourable for the precipitation strengthening determine partitioning temperature and time in Q–P–T process, namely tempering includes partitioning, but partitioning temperature and time in Q&P process can be selected in wide extension.
Fig.2 Tensile properties of medium carbon Q–P–T steels as a function of partitioning/tempering time, in which Rm represents tensile strength and El represents elongation [1] Since steels with the tensile strength of 2000 MPa are usually limited in industrial production due to the ability of sequent mechanical working (such as cutting, alignment, etc.), new generation steels with PSE higher than the upper limit value (25 000 MPa%) of AHSSs will be devoted to developed.
Zackay et al. [8] proposed the transformation induced plasticity (TRIP) effect in 1967.

Al-Sofyani, Natural antifouling compound production by microbes associated with marine macroorganisms: A review.
Vethaak, et al., Hazard and risk of herbicides for marine microalgae.
El-Safty, S.A.
Al-Naamani, S.

Recently Anyaogu et al [25] have demonstrated antifouling properties of copper nanoparticles dispersed in acrylic polymer.
Earlier Fey et al [29] studied release of copper from acrylic based paints using the SEM and EDX techniques.
Yoichi et al [30] has reported acrylate copolymers containing zinc acrylate comonomer.
[9] E.L.

Among the efforts applied to construction industry, Seo et al. developed visualized method of the construction scheduling process by using the simulation techniques.[6] Also, Kang el al. applied the simulation techniques in conjunction with the building information modeling (BIM) techniques to plan construction equipment usage.
Son et al. developed a methodology to optimize heavy construction equipment utilization. [5] By its definition, simulation indicates a common method to model a real life process in the virtual space.

El-Hawary, “Application of Continuation Power Flow Method in Radial Distribution Systems”, Electric Power Systems Research, Vol. 79, NO. 11, 2009, pp.1503-1510
Hizam, et al.
Kadir, et al.
Zadeh, et al, “Voltage Stability Assessment: an Approach With Expanded Newton Raphson-Sydel”, 5th International Power Engineering and Optimization Conference, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia, 6-7 June 2011, pp.31-35

., et al.
[3] Al-Muntasheri G., Zitha P., Nasr-El-Din H.
[7] Broseta D., Marquer O., Zaitoun A., et al.

Marques et al. [7] reported that preheating and post-weld heat treatment (PWHT) enhanced the mechanical strength and reduced hardness in repaired cast iron joints, particularly when Ni-rich filler metals and controlled heat input were applied.
Similarly, Saffari et al. [8] demonstrated that buttering layers using ERNiCr-3 filler decreased hardness, suppressed δ-ferrite formation, and improved ductility by reducing carbon migration.
Si and Al are uniformly distributed, while carbon shows minimal carbide formation, supporting improved weld toughness.
El-Banna, Effect of preheat on welding of ductile cast iron, Mater.

And for two thermocouples connected in parallel, it fulfills the condition: Ech-alal is the thermopower generated by the chromel-alumel thermocouple, Eni-co – thermopower generated by the nichrome-constantan thermocouple, Eequiv – equivalent thermopower generated by both thermocouples, when connected in parallel.
For three thermocouples, this condition is not satisfied: Ech-alSorokin, E.L.