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Introduction Nano materials are such an excellent material that in the past few years, materials with nano structures have attracted much interest due to their remarkable physical and chemical properties.
Another advantage of using PEG in this TiO2 paste is the organic sub-phase in PEG can penetrate into the titania nano-porous structure and ensure electrical conduction with an optimal number of nano-crystallites [19].
The one in Fig. 1 (b) have the roughest surface structure but it also has fewer cracks than others in Fig. 1 (a) and Fig. 1 (c) which if seen in FESEM image below, the 4 deposition times coatings have a lot of holes.
Scherer, Sol–Gel Science: The Physics and Chemistry of Sol–Gel Processing, Academic Press, New York, 1990
Asawapirom, Effect of Ethyl Cellulose and Polyethylene Glycol on Structure of Photoelectrode and Photovoltaic Performance of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells, Journal of the Microscopy Society of Thailand 4 (2), 130-133 (2011)

BiVO4 Powder Synthesized via the Solvothermal Method Pongthep Jansanthea1,2,a*, Pusit Pookmanee1,2,b, Sirirat Phaisansuthichol1,2,c, Sakchai Satienperakul1,2,d, Supaporn Sangsrichan1,2,e, Ratchadaporn Puntharod1,2,f, and Sukon Phanichphant3,g 1 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Maejo University, Chiang Mai, Thailand 2 Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Research Laboratory (NNRL), Faculty of Science, Maejo University, Chiang Mai, Thailand 3 Materials Science Research Center, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand apepmju@yahoo.com, bpusit@mju.ac.th, cphaisansuthichol@yahoo.com, dsakchais@mju.ac.th, esupaporn-s@mju.ac.th, fratchadaporn_p@mju.ac.th, gsphanichphant@yahoo.com Keywords: BiVO4, Solvothermal method, tetragonal, monoclinic Abstract.
The visible light absorption of BiVO4 also depends on its crystal structure, and the monoclinic scheelite–like BiVO4 is a much more active structure than a tetragonal scheelite or tetragonal zircon structure.
Solvothermal process is a promising soft chemical method has been utilized for the synthesis and design of metal oxides and organic–inorganic micro/nanomaterials with controlled of structure (with high crystallinity), morphology (with narrow size distribution), and chemical composition [7].
Acknowledgements This research was financial supported by National Research Council of Thailand (NRCT), and the Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Maejo University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
Wei, Band edge electronic structure of BiVO4: Elucidating the role of the Bi s and V d orbitals, Chem.

The Application of the HSV Color Model for Accurate Digital Colorimetric Analysis of Fluoride Detection Using a Thiourea Receptor Nida Desri Effendhy1,a, Roto Roto1,b, Dwi Siswanta1,c* 1Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Sekip Utara, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia *Corresponding author, E-mail: nida.desri.e@mail.ugm.ac.id, roto05@ugm.ac.id, dsiswanta@ugm.ac.id Keywords: HSV, color analysis, colorimetric detection, fluoride ion, thiourea receptor Abstract.
In addition, the acidity of the thiourea receptor was strengthened with the electron-withdrawing group, NO2, on its structure so that the NH group could donate hydrogen more efficiently [11].
A significant color change from fluoride ion detection may also be caused by thiourea receptor usage with more than two chromophore groups on its structure, which makes the surrounding electrons more delocalized.
The addition of fluoride ions at higher concentrations causes deprotonation of the thiourea structure, as shown in Figure 4, resulting in a sharper and more saturated color change [11].
Protonation and deprotonation structure of thiourea receptor toward fluoride addition Based on the Euclidean distance value and the observed color shifts, the most influential component of the HSV model appears to be the Hue component.

Strength characteristics and polymerization contraction of composites depend on the filler system and monomer structures of the resin matrix.
On the other hand, water sorption polymer filling materials affect dimensional stability, mechanical properties as well as bonding strength with tooth structure.
Methacrylate macromonomer was designed and developed in the Department of Polymer Synthesis and Processing of the Faculty of Chemistry at Warsaw University of Technology.
These ions show a tendency of rebuilding tooth tissues - they can replace calcium in a demineralised tooth structure.
A typical characteristic of composite materials is polymerization shrinkage due to the content of organic matrix in their chemical structure.

Meng a 1 Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Chemistry and Physics, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P.
Also, there are many reports about Mn-site doped in the system of n=∞ perovskite structure for Mn substitution leads to different results[3-7].
From this table, it is obvious that the lattice constant a becomes smaller while c becomes larger with x increasing, the ratio of c/a enlarging by doping suggests the MnO6 octahedron has much Jahn-Teller distortion in the perovskite structure.
In the case of disorder in Mn-site, if we think about a compound for x=0.3, which is about 15% substitution of doping ion in Mn-site, the c/a ratio has obvious increase for three system and the structure disorder must lead to magnetic inhomogeneity.
Summary In summary, the effect of substitution of magnetic ions Fe 3+, Cr 3+ and Ni3+ for Mn3+ on structure distortion and disorder-order transition for charge ordering compound LaSr2Mn2O7 has been studied.

Nitric Oxide-donating Derivatives of Chrysin Stimulate Angiogenesis and Upregulating VEGF Production Xiao-Qing Zoua,b ,Yong-Lan Dinga, Sheng-Ming Penga ,Chang-Ping Hub, Han-Wu Dengb ,Yuan-Jian Lib aKey Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, Hunan, China bDepartment of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China yuan_jianli@yahoo.com(Yuan-Jian Li); zouxq2002@gmail.com(Xiao-Qing Zou) Keywords:Angiogenesis; nitric oxide donor; chrysin derivatives; hybrid Abstract..Angiogenesis, the development of new capillaries from pre-existing vessels, requires the coordinate activation of endothelial cells, which migrate and proliferate to form functional vessels.
Structure and in vitro NO releasing properties of the target compounds Compound Structure %NO releaseda R1 R2 0.1%DMSO Chrysin OH OH 5a OH NO3(CH2)2COOCH2O 1.77±0.10 5b OH NO3(CH2)4COOCH2O 1.26±0.09 5c OH NO3(CH2)6COOCH2O 1.38±0.06 SNP b 10.42±1.80 Each value represents the mean ± S.D.
Sim, et al., "Structure activity relationship of antioxidative property of flavonoids and inhibitory effect on matrix metalloproteinase activity in UVA-irradiated human dermal fibroblast," Arch Pharm Res, vol. 30, pp. 290-8, Mar 2007
Lopez-Posadas, et al., "Effect of flavonoids on rat splenocytes, a structure-activity relationship study," Biochem Pharmacol, vol. 76, pp. 495-506, Aug 15 2008
Matsumoto, et al., "Solution structure of the variable-type domain of the receptor for advanced glycation end products: new insight into AGE-RAGE interaction," Biochemistry, vol. 47, pp. 12299-311, Nov 25 2008

The notion of a generalized multiresolution structure of is also introduced.
The construction of a generalized multireso- lution structure of Paley-Wiener subspaces of is investigated.
This scientific field investigates the relationship between the structure of materials at atomic or molecular scales and their macroscopicproperties.
It incorporates elements of applied physics and chemistry.
We have that the a generalized multiresolution structure has a pyramid decompoposition scheme and obtain a frame-like decomposition based on such a a generalized multiresolution structure.

Finally, a novel procedure of application of FT-NIR for monitoring of the ageing process and service life prediction in wooden structures is shown.
By combining all tasks, it is possible to substantially improve the quantity and quality of the knowledge on examined wooden structure.
The ultimate advantage of NIR spectroscopy is the possibility to support experts in decision-making in regard to wooden structures.
Various analytical methods might be employed for determination of physical properties, chemical composition or microscopic structure in laboratories.
Meglioli, Multi sensor approach for monitoring of the changes to wood surface exposed to natural and artificial weathering, proceedings of COST Action FP1006 Workshop: Basics for Chemistry of Wood Surface Modification, (2012)

Quantitative structure property relationship (QSPR) model for predicting the n-octanol/water partition coefficient, Kow, of 21 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) was investigated.
Several research groups have investigated the quantitative relationship between the structure and Kow of PCBs by using linear regression methods [2, 5, 6, 9].
Molecular distance-edge vector (MDEV) index [10] was introduced and used to encode the structure of the 21 PCBs.
Then, the structure of a PCB molecule can be coded by the MDEV of chlorine atom and benzene ring.
The MDEV index is a topological index which can effectively convert the molecular structure of PCBs to a set of numbers.

Synthesis of Three-Dimensionally Ordered Macroporous Co/SiO2 Catalysts by Sol-Gel Method Jittima Junsawat1,a, Nichakan Phumthiean1,b, Payoon Senthongkaew2,c and Supakit Achiwawanich1,d 1Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand. 2Department of Materials Engineering Faculty of Engineering, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand.
The SEM micrographs revealed that both catalysts feature periodic macroporous structure with mean pore diameter of 300-350 nm.
Powder X-ray Diffractometer (XRD), X-ray Absorption Near Edge Structure (XANES), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and specific surface area analysis of the 3DOM catalysts were discussed.
Acknowledgements The authors would like to acknowledge Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Dr.